{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T20:53:46Z","timestamp":1788555226198,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]],"date-time":"2025-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012264","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01HL123336"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01HL123336"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012264","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012264","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1UG3HL164285"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1UG3HL164285"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012264","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Clinical Coordinating Center","award":["U01HL123339"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01HL123339"]}]},{"name":"Clinical Coordinating Center","award":["1U24HL164284"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1U24HL164284"]}]},{"name":"Data Coordinating Center"},{"name":"Kowa Pharmaceuticals America, Inc"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005564","name":"Gilead Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010877","name":"ViiV Healthcare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010877","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1 AI068636"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1 AI068636"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"ACTG Leadership and Operations Center","award":["UM1 AI106701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1 AI106701"]}]},{"name":"ACTG Laboratory Center"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016758","name":"Nutrition Obesity Research Center at Harvard","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30DK040561"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30DK040561"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016758","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Persons with HIV face increased risks of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), partially mitigated by statin therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We characterized factors associated with MACE and MACE subcomponents among PWH enrolled in REPRIEVE, globally. Our primary outcome measure was time-to-first primary MACE. Secondary outcome measures included time-to-first (1) hard MACE (cardiovascular disease [CVD] death, myocardial infarction [MI], or stroke), (2) MI, or (3) stroke. For each outcome, Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard of baseline risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among participants (N = 7769), median age was 50 (Q1, Q3: 45, 55) years, and 31% were female. In fully adjusted models, risk of first MACE was higher for older individuals (50\u201359 and \u226560 vs 40\u201349 years; HR [95% CI]: 2.06 [1.54-2.76] and 2.53 [1.60-4.01]) and for those with Black\/African-American race (vs White race, within HICs; HR: 1.65; 1.19-2.27), family history of premature CVD (HR: 1.53; 1.16\u20132.03), current cigarette smoking (HR: 2.27; 1.65-3.13), hypertension (HR: 1.77; 1.36-2.30), lower HDL cholesterol (HR: 1.21; 1.10-1.34), HIV-1 RNA \u2265lower limit of quantification (LLQ) (HR: 1.40; 1.0-1.97), and a select antiretroviral therapy class combination (HR: 1.53; 1.01-2.31). Individuals from HICs had a higher risk of first MACE versus those from other regions, except South Asia. There was no apparent protective effect of female sex. Modeling for hard MACE, MI, and stroke yielded similar results for most variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among PWH in REPRIEVE, select modifiable risk factors were associated with first MACE after accounting for statin effects. Female sex was not protective.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Trials Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NCT02344290 (ClinicalTrials.gov; date of initial registration: 22 January 2015).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaf210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T06:47:10Z","timestamp":1745477230000},"page":"e548-e557","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Factors Affecting Risk of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Events in a Global CVD Prevention Cohort of People With HIV"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Steven K","family":"Grinspoon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather J","family":"Ribaudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald S","family":"Bloomfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Duke Global Health Institute and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, North Carolina ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl J","family":"Fichtenbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, Ohio ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7161-7743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Triin","family":"Umbleja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah M","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0541-3707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathleen V","family":"Fitch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marissa R","family":"Diggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara E","family":"Looby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith S","family":"Currier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith A","family":"Aberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3156-2965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos D","family":"Malvestutto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Ohio State University Medical Center , Columbus, Ohio ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0808-6729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristine M","family":"Erlandson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado\u2014Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6911-8846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esteban","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic and University of Barcelona , Barcelona ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0390-3774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olabimpe","family":"Asupoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6031-8705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samir K","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan C","family":"Lopez-Bernaldo de Quiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1on, IiSGM, CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Nixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9794-0389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roger","family":"Bedimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Section, Veterans Affairs North Texas Health Care System , Dallas, Texas ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael T","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9876-4049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pamela S","family":"Douglas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, North Carolina ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markella V","family":"Zanni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts 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