{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T04:55:48Z","timestamp":1783486548898,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RIA2018D-2508 ERASE-TB"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RIA2018D-2508 ERASE-TB"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009139","name":"German Center for Infection Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["203905\/Z\/16\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["203905\/Z\/16\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Studies have demonstrated an inverse log-linear relationship between body mass index (BMI) and tuberculosis incidence. However, a person's BMI is dynamic, and longitudinal changes may be more informative than cross-sectional assessments. We evaluate the association between cross-sectional and changing BMI and risk of tuberculosis and describe longitudinal trajectories in a high-risk cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ERASE-TB was a prospective longitudinal cohort study of household contacts \u226510 years in Southern Africa (Zimbabwe, Tanzania, and Mozambique), with 6-monthly follow-up up to 24 months. Associations between BMI and tuberculosis were investigated based on baseline (including hemoglobin) and changing BMI, using logistic, Poisson, and Cox models. Prevalent tuberculosis was defined as diagnosis during &amp;lt;30 days after recruitment. Growth mixture modelling was used to model longitudinal latent trajectories.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 2107 recruited household contacts (621 [29.5%] adolescents and 1310 [62.2%] female), 520 (24.7%) were underweight. There were 21 and 41 people diagnosed with prevalent and incident tuberculosis, of whom 5\/21 (23.8%) and 12\/41 (29.3%) were underweight. Being underweight and anemic (adjusted hazard ratio: 3.77; 95% confidence interval: 1.50\u20139.51) and &amp;gt;10% negative change in BMI during follow-up (adjusted incidence rate ratio: 2.27; 95% confidence interval: 0.22\u201322.9) were associated with increased risk of incident tuberculosis. The association between continuous BMI-for-age Z-scores were nonlinear, with increased risk of tuberculosis with lower BMI. Four latent groups were defined in the growth mixture modelling: increasing, decreasing, and low\/high stable BMI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Declining BMI, regardless of absolute value, is a strong predictor of tuberculosis among household contacts. Longitudinal measurements should be considered in active case finding among tuberculosis-affected households.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaf222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T08:01:32Z","timestamp":1745568092000},"page":"e600-e611","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Body Mass Index Trajectories and Association With Tuberculosis Risk in a Cohort of Household Contacts in Southern Africa"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4869-4630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leyla","family":"Larsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich , Munich, Bavaria ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1926-7464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire 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,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich , Munich ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology, Infection and Pandemic Research , Munich ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Unit Global Health, Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen, German Research Centre for Environmental Health (HMGU) , Neuherberg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Banze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade (INS) , Maputo ,","place":["Mozambique"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfred","family":"Mfinanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mbeya Medical Research Centre , National Institute for Medical Research, Mbeya 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Trinchan","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bulawayo City Health , Bulawayo ,","place":["Zimbabwe"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Lungu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"East, Central, and Southern Africa-Health Community , Arusha ,","place":["Tanzania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Mesic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res , Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Unit of HIV & TB, Clinical Science Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp , Antwerp \u00a0","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6701-4202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Celso","family":"Khosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade (INS) , Maputo 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