{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T13:43:00Z","timestamp":1789825380865,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"National AIDS Control Programme"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GH002312"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GH002312"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) is critical to the End TB strategy. There is limited evidence on its long-term protective effect among people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in high-burden programmatic settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This observational cohort study included people with HIV (PWH) who initiated a single TPT course from March 2017 to September 2018 at 14 ART centers in Andhra Pradesh, India (tuberculosis [TB] prevalence: 274\/100 000). We followed PWH for 6 years and censored person-time at TB diagnosis, loss to follow-up, or death. We calculated TB incidence rates (IRs) and mortality rates (MRs) per 100 person-years (PY), stratified by TPT completion and effective ART (viral load &amp;lt;1000 copies\/mL). Cox proportional hazards models estimated adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) with 95% confidence limits (95% CL) for TB and mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We followed 4706 PWH for 23 414 PY. TB was diagnosed in 135 PWH (2.9%): 122 among 4454 PWH who completed TPT (IR, 0.55\/100 PY [95% CL, .46\u2013.66]) and 13 among 252 PWH who did not (IR, 1.06\/100 PY [95% CL, .56\u20131.81]). There were 553 all-cause deaths (11.8%); the MR was 2.2\/100 PY (95% CL, 2.0\u20132.4) among those who completed TPT compared to 13.5\/100 PY (95% CL, 11.1\u201316.3) among those who did not. TPT, combined with effective ART, was associated with an 87% reduction in TB (aHR, 0.13 [95% CL, .05\u2013.37]) and a 94% reduction in all-cause mortality (aHR, 0.06 [95% CL, .04\u2013.10]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A single TPT course combined with effective ART conferred durable protection against TB and significantly reduced mortality among PWH in a high-TB-burden setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaf322","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T04:21:21Z","timestamp":1750047681000},"page":"970-979","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Long-term Protection From Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment Among People With HIV in a High-Burden Tuberculosis Setting: An Observational Cohort Study From India"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9422-3560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reshu","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Global HIV and TB, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , New Delhi ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2812-7161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa","family":"Nyendak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Global HIV and TB, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , New Delhi ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nalini","family":"Chava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Society for Health Allied Research and Education India , Hyderabad, Telangana ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramesh R","family":"Allam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Global HIV and TB, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , New Delhi ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3550-2065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick K","family":"Moonan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Global HIV and TB, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , New Delhi ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chakravarthy S","family":"Sriram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andhra Pradesh State AIDS Control Society , Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5444-6896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramesam","family":"Ganti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Society for Health Allied Research and Education India , Hyderabad, Telangana ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Praveen K","family":"Ragi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Society for Health Allied Research and Education India , Hyderabad, Telangana ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajit R","family":"Polsani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Society for Health Allied Research and Education India , Hyderabad, Telangana ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2184-9930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vijay V","family":"Yeldandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Society for Health Allied Research and Education India , Hyderabad, Telangana ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Global HIV and TB, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , New Delhi ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajendra P","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Society for Health Allied Research and Education India , Hyderabad, Telangana ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8679-7596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"JayaKrishna","family":"Kurada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Society for Health Allied Research and Education India , Hyderabad, Telangana ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kameswara","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andhra Pradesh State AIDS 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