{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T10:41:54Z","timestamp":1788950514602,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["522004005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["522004005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The long-term immunogenicity of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) followed by the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) remains unclear among immunocompromised patients (ICPs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This 3-year follow-up of a previously reported prospective cohort study included people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PWH), patients on immunosuppressive therapy, and immunocompetent controls who received PCV13 followed by PPSV23 2 months later. IgG levels for all 24 vaccine serotypes were measured 3 years after PCV13 (M36). The primary outcome was the seroprotection rate (SPR) at M36, defined as IgG concentrations \u22651.3\u2005\u03bcg\/mL for 17\/24 vaccine serotypes. To assess immunological memory, we measured rapid recall responses 7 days after a PCV20 booster vaccination among initial responders 2 months after the priming schedule (M4) who had sero-reverted at M36.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between M4 to M36, SPRs dropped from 44% (22\/50) to 9% (5\/55) in PWH, from 55% (59\/108) to 17% (22\/131) in patients on immunosuppressive therapy and from 82% (14\/17) to 42% (8\/19) in controls. Rapid recall responses were observed in 40% (4\/10) of PWH, 14% (2\/14) of patients on immunosuppressive monotherapy, 22% (2\/9) of patients on combination therapy, and 67% (2\/3) of controls. Antibody levels increased significantly for 7\/13 PCV20\/PCV13-shared serotypes, but for none (0\/7) of the PCV20\/PPSV23-shared serotypes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Only a minority of PWH and patients on immunosuppressive therapy and under half of controls remained seroprotected 3 years after vaccination. As rapid recall responses were limited to PCV serotypes, future research in ICPs should focus on expanded priming schedule with higher-valent PCVs such as PCV20.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaf438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,3]],"date-time":"2025-08-03T11:24:35Z","timestamp":1754220275000},"page":"e432-e440","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Long-term Immunogenicity and Boostability of the 13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Followed by the 23-valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine in Adults Receiving Immunosuppressive Therapy and Adults With HIV\u20143-year Follow-up of a Prospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2691-8130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenny L","family":"Schnyder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4095-9307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabine","family":"Haggenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Department of Experimental Immunology, Department of Haematology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8481-5455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah M","family":"Garcia Garrido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Reiners","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, St. Antonius Hospital , Nieuwegein ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bob","family":"Meek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, St. Antonius Hospital , Nieuwegein ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0046-1099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin P","family":"Grobusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious 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