{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T07:30:34Z","timestamp":1792740634910,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":243,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>On 27 February 1962, Surgeon General Luther Terry announced a new vaccine development program within the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). Initially, the plan had three components: (1) special laboratories and facilities for development of prototype vaccines; (2) pilot lot production facilities and preliminary vaccine trial sites; and (3) larger lot production capacity and expanded human testing. Respiratory viruses were targeted as the top priority for vaccine development. Over 5 decades, this program has evolved and expanded to include multiple academic vaccine evaluation sites within the network, now labeled as the Vaccine and Treatment Evaluation Units (VTEUs). The network has evaluated many different vaccines, with many shown to be safe, effective, and licensed for recommended use. This manuscript offers a historical perspective, crafted by early investigators from currently funded VTEUs, to showcase how some of the original VTEUs\u2014both individually and collectively\u2014advanced vaccine science and shaped the strategies and achievements that continue to impact public health today.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaf454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:22:05Z","timestamp":1760113325000},"page":"S59-S77","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Vaccine and Treatment Evaluation Units: A Historical Perspective"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0940-7213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert B","family":"Belshe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccine Development, Saint Louis University , Saint Louis, Missouri ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0100-1991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David I","family":"Bernstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, Ohio ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3912-9832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathryn M","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6313-4053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharon E","family":"Frey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccine Development, Saint Louis University , Saint Louis, Missouri ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0217-332X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wendy A","family":"Keitel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Virology & Microbiology and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myron M","family":"Levine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John J","family":"Treanor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine , Rochester, New York ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter F","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-195507000-00001","article-title":"Behavior of chimpanzee avirulent poliomyelitis viruses in experimentally infected human volunteers","volume":"230","author":"Sabin","year":"1955","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196007282630402","article-title":"Studies on an attenuated measles-virus vaccine. II. Clinical, virologic and immunologic effects of vaccine in institutionalized children","volume":"263","author":"Katz","year":"1960","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196007282630406","article-title":"Studies on an attenuated measles-virus vaccine. VI. Clinical, antigenic and prophylactic effects of vaccine in institutionalized children","volume":"263","author":"Krugman","year":"1960","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196007282630405","article-title":"Studies on an attenuated measles-virus vaccine. V. Clinical, antigenic and prophylactic effects of vaccine in institutionalized and home-dwelling children","volume":"263","author":"Lepow","year":"1960","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196007282630403","article-title":"Studies on an attenuated measles-virus vaccine. III. Clinical and antigenic effects of vaccine in institutionalized children","volume":"263","author":"Kempe","year":"1960","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a120954","article-title":"An epidemiologic study of altered clinical reactivity to respiratory syncytial (RS) virus infection in children previously vaccinated with an inactivated RS virus vaccine","volume":"89","author":"Kapikian","year":"1969","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a120956","article-title":"Respiratory virus immunization. I. A field trial of two inactivated respiratory virus vaccines; an aqueous trivalent parainfluenza virus vaccine and an alum-precipitated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine","volume":"89","author":"Fulginiti","year":"1969","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.41.12.1490","article-title":"Study on etiology, epidemiology, and antibiotic therapy of infantile diarrhea, with particular reference to certain serotypes of Escherichia coli","volume":"41","author":"Neter","year":"1951","journal-title":"Am J Public Health Nations Health"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B9"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B10"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2018.304580","article-title":"The Belmont report at 40: reckoning with time","volume":"108","author":"Adashi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S356","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/136.Supplement_3.S356","article-title":"Swine influenza A at Fort Dix, New Jersey (January-February 1976). I. Case finding and clinical study of cases","volume":"136 Suppl","author":"Gaydos","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1201.050965","article-title":"Swine influenza a outbreak, Fort Dix, New Jersey, 1976","volume":"12","author":"Gaydos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1201.051007","article-title":"Reflections on the 1976 swine flu vaccination program","volume":"12","author":"Sencer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(76)81077-3","article-title":"Swine-like influenza vaccine: a commentary","volume":"88","author":"Denny","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S579","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/136.Supplement_3.S579","article-title":"Clinical reactions and serologic responses in healthy children aged six to 35 months after two-dose regimens of inactivated A\/New Jersey\/76 influenza virus vaccines","volume":"136 Suppl","author":"Boyer","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B17","first-page":"253","article-title":"Persistence of influenza A\/New Jersey\/76 (Hsw1N1) antibody one year after vaccination","volume":"39","author":"Noble","year":"1977","journal-title":"Dev Biol Stand"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S731","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/136.Supplement_3.S731","article-title":"Trials of influenza A\/New Jersey\/76 virus vaccine in normal children: an overview of age-related antigenicity and reactogenicity","volume":"136 Suppl","author":"Wright","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B19","first-page":"309","article-title":"Inactivated influenza A\/New Jersey\/76 vaccines in children: results of a multi-center trial","volume":"39","author":"Wright","year":"1977","journal-title":"Dev Biol Stand"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.76.3.420","article-title":"Adenovirus infections in young children","volume":"76","author":"Edwards","year":"1985","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1086\/338363","article-title":"Burden of interpandemic influenza in children younger than 5 years: a 25-year prospective study","volume":"185","author":"Neuzil","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa025472","article-title":"Human metapneumovirus and lower respiratory tract disease in otherwise healthy infants and children","volume":"350","author":"Williams","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.3.1181-1184.2004","article-title":"Surveillance of childhood influenza virus infection: what is the best diagnostic method to use for archival samples?","volume":"42","author":"Frisbie","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197704142961501","article-title":"Influenza A infections in young children. Primary natural infection and protective efficacy of live-vaccine-induced or naturally acquired immunity","volume":"296","author":"Wright","year":"1977","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/141.4.430","article-title":"Comparison of influenza B\/Hong Kong virus infections among infants, children, and young adults","volume":"141","author":"Wright","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a113053","article-title":"Differing virulence of H1N1 and H3N2 influenza strains","volume":"112","author":"Wright","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.67.5.694","article-title":"Patterns of illness in the highly febrile young child: epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory correlates","volume":"67","author":"Wright","year":"1981","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.27.3.862-866.1980","article-title":"Humoral and cellular immune responses of seronegative children vaccinated with a cold-adapted influenza A\/HK\/123\/77 (H1N1) recombinant virus","volume":"27","author":"Lazar","year":"1980","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.37.1.397-400.1982","article-title":"Administration of a highly attenuated, live respiratory syncytial virus vaccine to adults and children","volume":"37","author":"Wright","year":"1982","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/146.1.71","article-title":"Cold-adapted recombinant influenza A virus vaccines in seronegative young children","volume":"146","author":"Wright","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/5.4.758","article-title":"Antigenicity and reactogenicity of influenza A\/USSR\/77 virus vaccine in children\u2013a multicentered evaluation of dosage and safety","volume":"5","author":"Wright","year":"1983","journal-title":"Rev Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.40.3.1092-1095.1983","article-title":"Secretory immunological response after intranasal inactivated influenza A virus vaccinations: evidence for immunoglobulin A memory","volume":"40","author":"Wright","year":"1983","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/152.6.1212","article-title":"Use of influenza A virus vaccines in seronegative children: live cold-adapted versus inactivated whole virus","volume":"152","author":"Feldman","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(82)80634-3","article-title":"Age-related response to two Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines","volume":"100","author":"Pincus","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5876(85)80071-9","article-title":"A longitudinal study of the detection of otitis media in the first two years of life","volume":"10","author":"Wright","year":"1985","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S97","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/3.Supplement_1.S97","article-title":"Clinical studies of pneumococcal vaccines in infants. I. Reactogenicity and immunogenicity of two polyvalent polysaccharide vaccines","volume":"3 Suppl","author":"Sell","year":"1981","journal-title":"Rev Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S108","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/3.Supplement_1.S108","article-title":"Clinical studies of pneumococcal vaccines in infants. II. Efficacy and effect on nasopharyngeal carriage","volume":"3 Suppl","author":"Wright","year":"1981","journal-title":"Rev Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1983.02140350024007","article-title":"Pneumococcal vaccine in normal children. Primary and secondary vaccination","volume":"137","author":"Lawrence","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B39"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B40"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03520350031024","article-title":"Interchangeability of conjugated Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines in infants","volume":"273","author":"Anderson","year":"1995","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3 Pt 2","key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.96.3.548","article-title":"Comparison of 13 acellular pertussis vaccines: overview and serologic response","volume":"96","author":"Edwards","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3 Pt 2","key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.96.3.557","article-title":"Comparison of 13 acellular pertussis vaccines: adverse reactions","volume":"96","author":"Decker","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3 Pt 2","key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.96.3.567","article-title":"A randomized comparison of reactogenicity and immunogenicity of two whole-cell pertussis vaccines","volume":"96","author":"Steinhoff","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3 Pt 2","key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B45","first-page":"570","article-title":"Description and evaluation of serologic assays used in a multicenter trial of acellular pertussis vaccines","volume":"96","author":"Meade","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3 Pt 2","key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.96.3.576","article-title":"Simultaneous administration of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine with acellular or whole-cell pertussis vaccine: effects on reactogenicity and immune responses to pertussis vaccines","volume":"96","author":"Rennels","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3 Pt 2","key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B47","first-page":"580","article-title":"The effect of maternal antibody on the serologic response and the incidence of adverse reactions after primary immunization with acellular and whole-cell pertussis vaccines combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids","volume":"96","author":"Englund","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3 Pt 2","key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.96.3.584","article-title":"Effect of gender, race, and parental education on immunogenicity and reported reactogenicity of acellular and whole-cell pertussis vaccines","volume":"96","author":"Christy","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3 Pt 2","key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B49","first-page":"588","article-title":"Defining the key parameters for comparing reactions among acellular and whole-cell pertussis vaccines","volume":"96","author":"Pichichero","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3 Pt 2","key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.96.3.592","article-title":"Association of reactions after consecutive acellular or whole-cell pertussis vaccine immunizations","volume":"96","author":"Deloria","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.100.5.772","article-title":"A safety and immunogenicity comparison of 12 acellular pertussis vaccines and one whole-cell pertussis vaccine given as a fourth dose in 15- to 20-month-old children","volume":"100","author":"Pichichero","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B52","first-page":"192","volume-title":"Development of vaccines and drugs against diarrhea, 1th Nobel Conference, Stockholm","author":"Kapikian","year":"1985"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B53","first-page":"357","article-title":"Rhesus rotavirus: a candidate vaccine for prevention of human rotavirus disease","volume":"85","author":"Kapikian","year":"1985","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B54","first-page":"473","article-title":"Candidate rotavirus vaccine (rhesus rotavirus strain) in children: an evaluation","volume":"80","author":"Wright","year":"1987","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-3508-8_17","volume-title":"Progress in vaccinology","author":"Kapikian","year":"1989"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B56","author":"CDC"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.20.3.640-645.1978","article-title":"Lymphocyte cytotoxicity to influenza virus-infected cells: response to vaccination and virus infection","volume":"20","author":"Greenberg","year":"1978","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B58","first-page":"95","article-title":"Effects of rhinovirus infection of pulmonary function of healthy human volunteers","volume":"114","author":"Blair","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B59","first-page":"24","article-title":"Factors influencing response of volunteers to inoculation with Coxsackie virus A type 21","volume":"99","author":"Couch","year":"1969","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.8.4.612-620.1973","article-title":"Antibody to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in nasal secretions and sputa of experimentally infected human volunteers","volume":"8","author":"Brunner","year":"1973","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(81)91152-1","article-title":"Ribavirin small-particle aerosol treatment of influenza","volume":"2","author":"Knight","year":"1981","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2228","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.34.11.2228","article-title":"Safety and pharmacokinetics of rimantadine small-particle aerosol","volume":"34","author":"Atmar","year":"1990","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197803162981103","article-title":"Interpandemic influenza in the Houston area, 1974\u201376","volume":"298","author":"Glezen","year":"1978","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112865","article-title":"Epidemiologic observations of influenza B virus infections in Houston, Texas, 1976\u20131977","volume":"111","author":"Glezen","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a113441","article-title":"The influenza herald wave","volume":"116","author":"Glezen","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/140.6.829","article-title":"Reinfection with influenza A (H3N2) virus in young children and their families","volume":"140","author":"Frank","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400069059","article-title":"Infection with influenza A\/Victoria virus in Houston families, 1976","volume":"86","author":"Taber","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Hyg (Lond)"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.158.1.65","article-title":"Direct and total effectiveness of the intranasal, live-attenuated, trivalent cold-adapted influenza virus vaccine against the 2000\u20132001 influenza A(H1N1) and B epidemic in healthy children","volume":"158","author":"Gaglani","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/167.2.305","article-title":"Trivalent attenuated cold-adapted influenza virus vaccine: reduced viral shedding and serum antibody responses in susceptible adults","volume":"167","author":"Keitel","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199805143382002","article-title":"The efficacy of live attenuated, cold-adapted, trivalent, intranasal influenzavirus vaccine in children","volume":"338","author":"Belshe","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1086\/503050","article-title":"Dose-related safety and immunogenicity of a trivalent baculovirus-expressed influenza-virus hemagglutinin vaccine in elderly adults","volume":"193","author":"Treanor","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1086\/314869","article-title":"A randomized clinical trial of acellular pertussis vaccines in healthy adults: dose-response comparisons of 5 vaccines and implications for booster immunization","volume":"180","author":"Keitel","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.1.e11","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of six acellular pertussis vaccines and one whole-cell pertussis vaccine given as a fifth dose in four- to six-year-old children","volume":"105","author":"Pichichero","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.06.036","article-title":"Safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity of Francisella tularensis live vaccine strain in humans","volume":"27","author":"El Sahly","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1086\/511828","article-title":"Reducing the dose of smallpox vaccine reduces vaccine-associated morbidity without reducing vaccination success rates or immune responses","volume":"195","author":"Couch","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.5.8.8725","article-title":"Evaluation of a plasmid DNA-based anthrax vaccine in rabbits, nonhuman primates and healthy adults","volume":"5","author":"Keitel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir440","article-title":"Immunogenicity of an inactivated monovalent 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccine in pregnant women","volume":"204","author":"Jackson","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv056","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of a subvirion monovalent unadjuvanted inactivated influenza A(H3N2) variant vaccine in healthy persons \u226518 years old","volume":"212","author":"Keitel","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.03.015","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of inactivated, Vero cell culture-derived whole virus influenza A\/H5N1 vaccine given alone or with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant in healthy adults","volume":"27","author":"Keitel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.03.071","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of an 8 year interval heterologous prime-boost influenza A\/H7N7-H7N9 vaccination","volume":"37","author":"El Sahly","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8066","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.08.044","article-title":"Evaluation of age-related differences in the immunogenicity of a G9 H9N2 influenza vaccine","volume":"29","author":"Atmar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2116414","article-title":"Homologous and heterologous COVID-19 booster vaccinations","volume":"386","author":"Atmar","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a113564","article-title":"Impact of viral respiratory diseases on infants and young children in a rural and urban area of southern West Virginia","volume":"117","author":"Belshe","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.37.1.160-165.1982","article-title":"Comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization techniques for measurement of antibody to respiratory syncytial virus: implications for parenteral immunization with live virus vaccine","volume":"37","author":"Belshe","year":"1982","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/145.3.311","article-title":"Parenteral administration of live respiratory syncytial virus vaccine: results of a field trial","volume":"145","author":"Belshe","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1103151","article-title":"Efficacy results of a trial of a herpes simplex vaccine","volume":"366","author":"Belshe","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis891","article-title":"Epidemiology, clinical presentation, and antibody response to primary infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in young women","volume":"56","author":"Bernstein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit651","article-title":"Correlate of immune protection against HSV-1 genital disease in vaccinated women","volume":"209","author":"Belshe","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa013431","article-title":"Dose-related effects of smallpox vaccine","volume":"346","author":"Frey","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa020534","article-title":"Clinical responses to undiluted and diluted smallpox vaccine","volume":"346","author":"Frey","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.12.4.498","article-title":"Double-blind evaluation of oral ribavirin (Virazole) in experimental influenza A virus infection in volunteers","volume":"12","author":"Magnussen","year":"1977","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.8.6.684","article-title":"Evaluation of a topical interferon inducer in experimental influenza infection in volunteers","volume":"8","author":"Douglas","year":"1975","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/134.6.585","article-title":"Temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza A virus. XII. Safety, antigenicity, transmissibility, and efficacy of influenza A\/Udorn\/72-ts-1[E] recombinant viruses in human adults","volume":"134","author":"Richman","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B94","first-page":"293","article-title":"Evaluation of a temperature-sensitive influenza virus in elderly and chronically ill subjects","volume":"113","author":"Douglas","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.62.2.488-495.1988","article-title":"Four viral genes independently contribute to attenuation of live influenza A\/Ann Arbor\/6\/60 (H2N2) cold-adapted reassortant virus vaccines","volume":"62","author":"Snyder","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(99)00334-5","article-title":"Evaluation of trivalent, live, cold-adapted (CAIV-T) and inactivated (TIV) influenza vaccines in prevention of virus infection and illness following challenge of adults with wild-type influenza A (H1N1), A (H3N2), and B viruses","volume":"18","author":"Treanor","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-117-8-625","article-title":"Protective efficacy of combined live intranasal and inactivated influenza A virus vaccines in the elderly","volume":"117","author":"Treanor","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199504000-00010","article-title":"Evaluation of the protective efficacy of a serotype 1 bovine-human rotavirus reassortant vaccine in infants","volume":"14","author":"Treanor","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2003.10.054","article-title":"Safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity of a live, quadrivalent human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine in healthy infants","volume":"144","author":"Clark","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1086\/422035","article-title":"Immune responses and antibody decay after immunization of adolescents and adults with an acellular pertussis vaccine: the APERT study","volume":"190","author":"Le","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1086\/380906","article-title":"Dose-dependent neutralizing-antibody responses to vaccinia","volume":"189","author":"Belshe","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1086\/504803","article-title":"Bordetella pertussis infections in vaccinated and unvaccinated adolescents and adults, as assessed in a national prospective randomized Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Trial (APERT)","volume":"43","author":"Ward","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043951","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus infection in elderly and high-risk adults","volume":"352","author":"Falsey","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2311560","article-title":"RENOIR trial\u2014RSVpreF vaccine efficacy over two seasons","volume":"391","author":"Walsh","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(01)00440-6","article-title":"Evaluation of a single dose of half strength inactivated influenza vaccine in healthy adults","volume":"20","author":"Treanor","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2405","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2008.513","article-title":"Half- vs full-dose trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (2004\u20132005): age, dose, and sex effects on immune responses","volume":"168","author":"Engler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.1.6.2376","article-title":"Rapid licensure of a new, inactivated influenza vaccine in the United States","volume":"1","author":"Treanor","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(00)00395-9","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant hemagglutinin vaccine for H5 influenza in humans","volume":"19","author":"Treanor","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa055778","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated subvirion influenza A (H5N1) vaccine","volume":"354","author":"Treanor","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1086\/590916","article-title":"Immune responses of healthy subjects to a single dose of intramuscular inactivated influenza A\/Vietnam\/1203\/2004 (H5N1) vaccine after priming with an antigenic variant","volume":"198","author":"Goji","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.09.070","article-title":"Live attenuated H7N7 influenza vaccine primes for a vigorous antibody response to inactivated H7N7 influenza vaccine","volume":"32","author":"Babu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv526","article-title":"Evaluation of the safety and immunogenicity of a candidate pandemic live attenuated influenza vaccine (pLAIV) against influenza A(H7N9)","volume":"213","author":"Sobhanie","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a121169","article-title":"A design for the evaluation of antiviral drugs in human influenza","volume":"91","author":"Bloomfield","year":"1970","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S157","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/7.Supplement_1.S157","article-title":"Challenge with rubella virus after loss of detectable vaccine-induced antibody","volume":"7 Suppl 1","author":"Schiff","year":"1985","journal-title":"Rev Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B115","first-page":"203","article-title":"Rubella vaccine evaluation in a public school system","volume":"118","author":"Schiff","year":"1969","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(74)80122-8","article-title":"Evaluation of RA 27-3 rubella vaccine","volume":"85","author":"Schiff","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/154.5.871","article-title":"Human rotavirus studies in volunteers: determination of infectious dose and serological response to infection","volume":"154","author":"Ward","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/162.5.1055","article-title":"Evaluation of WC3 rotavirus vaccine and correlates of protection in healthy infants","volume":"162","author":"Bernstein","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/164.2.277","article-title":"Protection from rotavirus reinfection: 2-year prospective study","volume":"164","author":"Bernstein","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(97)00210-7","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of live, attenuated human rotavirus vaccine 89-12","volume":"16","author":"Bernstein","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)12106-2","article-title":"Efficacy of live, attenuated, human rotavirus vaccine 89-12 in infants: a randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"354","author":"Bernstein","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B122"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B123"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B124"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1086\/595702","article-title":"Rotarix: a rotavirus vaccine for the world","volume":"48","author":"Ward","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1086\/425307","article-title":"Longitudinal risk of herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1, HSV type 2, and cytomegalovirus infections among young adolescent girls","volume":"39","author":"Stanberry","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.11.056","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of a cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B (gB) vaccine in adolescent girls: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"34","author":"Bernstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw533","article-title":"Substantial decline in vaccine-type human papillomavirus (HPV) among vaccinated young women during the first 8 years after HPV vaccine introduction in a community","volume":"63","author":"Kahn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000731","article-title":"Non-vaccine-type human papillomavirus prevalence after vaccine introduction: no evidence for type replacement but evidence for cross-protection","volume":"45","author":"Saccucci","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6832","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.052","article-title":"Decline in vaccine-type human papillomavirus prevalence in young men from a Midwest metropolitan area of the United States over the six years after vaccine introduction","volume":"37","author":"Widdice","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.12.060","article-title":"Caregiver and adolescent factors associated with delayed completion of the three-dose human papillomavirus vaccination series","volume":"36","author":"Widdice","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.12.042","article-title":"Antibody responses among adolescent females receiving two or three quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine doses at standard and prolonged intervals","volume":"36","author":"Widdice","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu497","article-title":"Norovirus vaccine against experimental human GII.4 virus illness: a challenge study in healthy adults","volume":"211","author":"Bernstein","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101076","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.101076","article-title":"Efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of the Shigella sonnei 1790GAHB GMMA candidate vaccine: results from a phase 2b randomized, placebo-controlled challenge study in adults","volume":"39","author":"Frenck","year":"2021","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-3542(92)90032-Z","article-title":"A view from the common cold unit","volume":"18","author":"Tyrrell","year":"1992","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.11.104","article-title":"Stroke-related outcomes in moyamoya disease compared with moyamoya syndromes: a propensity-matched analysis","volume":"194","author":"Wadhwa","year":"2025","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01317328","article-title":"Temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza A virus: evaluation of the Alaska\/77-ts-1A2 temperature-sensitive recombinant virus in seronegative adult volunteers","volume":"65","author":"Murphy","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.23.2.249-252.1979","article-title":"Temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza A virus: evaluation of the A\/Victoria\/75-ts-1A2 temperature-sensitive recombinant virus in seronegative adult volunteers","volume":"23","author":"Murphy","year":"1979","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/136.2.256","article-title":"Temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza A virus. XIV. Production and evaluation of influenza A\/Georgia\/74-ts-1[E] recombinant viruses in human adults","volume":"136","author":"Richman","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.26.1.274-279.1979","article-title":"Live Victoria\/75-ts-1[E] influenza A virus vaccines in adult volunteers: role of hemagglutinin immunity in protection against illness and infection caused by influenza A virus","volume":"26","author":"Douglas","year":"1979","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.23.2.253-259.1979","article-title":"Cold-adapted variants of influenza A virus: evaluation in adult seronegative volunteers of A\/Scotland\/840\/74 and A\/Victoria\/3\/75 cold-adapted recombinants derived from the cold-adapted A\/Ann Arbor\/6\/60 strain","volume":"23","author":"Murphy","year":"1979","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.20.3.671-677.1978","article-title":"Temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza A virus: evaluation of A\/Victoria\/3\/75-ts-1[E] recombinant viruses in volunteers","volume":"20","author":"Murphy","year":"1978","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S571","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/136.Supplement_3.S571","article-title":"Monovalent inactivated A\/New Jersey\/8\/76 (Hsw1N1) vaccine in healthy children aged three to five years","volume":"136 Suppl","author":"Levine","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S484","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/136.Supplement_3.S484","article-title":"Reactogenicity and immunogenicity of parenteral monovalent influenza A\/Victoria\/3\/75 (H3N2) virus vaccine in healthy adults","volume":"136 Suppl","author":"Caplan","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1086\/517822","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of low and high doses of trivalent live cold-adapted influenza vaccine administered intranasally as drops or spray to healthy children","volume":"177","author":"King","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5 Suppl","key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B146","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Acellular Pertussis vaccines for infants: the role of the multicenter trial","volume":"97","author":"Edwards","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B147"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B148"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-198601000-00005","article-title":"Safety, infectivity, transmissibility and immunogenicity of rhesus rotavirus vaccine (MMU 18006) in infants","volume":"5","author":"Losonsky","year":"1986","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-198609000-00019","article-title":"Preliminary evaluation of the efficacy of rhesus rotavirus vaccine strain MMU 18006 in young children","volume":"5","author":"Rennels","year":"1986","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-198806000-00004","article-title":"Systemic and mucosal immune responses to rhesus rotavirus vaccine MMU 18006","volume":"7","author":"Losonsky","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B152","first-page":"601","article-title":"An efficacy trial of the rhesus rotavirus vaccine in Maryland. The clinical study group","volume":"144","author":"Rennels","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/153.5.823","article-title":"Evaluation of rhesus rotavirus vaccine (MMU 18006) in infants and young children","volume":"153","author":"Anderson","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/154.6.1045","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of live attenuated rhesus monkey rotavirus vaccine","volume":"154","author":"Christy","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B155"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B156"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1586\/14760584.7.10.1475","article-title":"RotaTeq: a three-dose oral pentavalent reassortant rotavirus vaccine","volume":"7","author":"Chandran","year":"2008","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.3928\/0090-4481-20060101-12","article-title":"Rotarix: development of a live attenuated monovalent human rotavirus vaccine","volume":"35","author":"Bernstein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Ann"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e210347","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2021.0347","article-title":"Association of rotavirus vaccines with reduction in rotavirus gastroenteritis in children younger than 5 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials and observational studies","volume":"175","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1195","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30262-X","article-title":"Real-world effectiveness of rotavirus vaccines, 2006\u201319: a literature review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Burnett","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20152603","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-2603","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of sequential rotavirus vaccine schedules","volume":"137","author":"Libster","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/123.1.61","article-title":"Cholera reinfection in man","volume":"123","author":"Woodward","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429049194","volume-title":"Cholera: the American scientific experience, 1947\u20131980","author":"van Heyningen","year":"2019"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(79)90119-6","article-title":"Immunity of cholera in man: relative role of antibacterial versus antitoxic immunity","volume":"73","author":"Levine","year":"1979","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/143.6.818","article-title":"Duration of infection-derived immunity to cholera","volume":"143","author":"Levine","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2017.1291348","article-title":"PaxVax CVD 103-HgR single-dose live oral cholera vaccine","volume":"16","author":"Levine","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/172.3.883","article-title":"Initial clinical studies of CVD 112 Vibrio cholerae O139 live oral vaccine: safety and efficacy against experimental challenge","volume":"172","author":"Tacket","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6341","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.12.6341-6345.1999","article-title":"Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentered trial of the efficacy of a single dose of live oral cholera vaccine CVD 103-HgR in preventing cholera following challenge with Vibrio cholerae O1 El tor inaba three months after vaccination","volume":"67","author":"Tacket","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw145","article-title":"Single-dose live oral cholera vaccine CVD 103-HgR protects against human experimental infection with Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor","volume":"62","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)90480-5","article-title":"Emergence of novel strain of Vibrio cholerae with epidemic potential in southern and eastern India","volume":"341","author":"Ramamurthy","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1128\/cdli.4.3.264-269.1997","article-title":"Vibriocidal antibody responses in North American volunteers exposed to wild-type or vaccine Vibrio cholerae O139: specificity and relevance to immunity","volume":"4","author":"Losonsky","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/171.4.903","article-title":"Clinical and immunologic characteristics of Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal infection in North American volunteers","volume":"171","author":"Morris","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.17.1.78-82.1977","article-title":"Diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli that produce only heat-stable enterotoxin","volume":"17","author":"Levine","year":"1977","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.23.3.729-736.1979","article-title":"Immunity to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli","volume":"23","author":"Levine","year":"1979","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(78)90299-4","article-title":"Escherichia coli strains that cause diarrhoea but do not produce heat-labile or heat-stable enterotoxins and are non-invasive","volume":"1","author":"Levine","year":"1978","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/171.2.465","article-title":"Heterogeneity of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli virulence demonstrated in volunteers","volume":"171","author":"Nataro","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/157.3.472","article-title":"Experimental Campylobacter jejuni infection in humans","volume":"157","author":"Black","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.55.4.979-985.1987","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo pathogenicity of Plesiomonas shigelloides","volume":"55","author":"Herrington","year":"1987","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2019.1578922","article-title":"A roadmap for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli vaccine development based on volunteer challenge studies","volume":"15","author":"Levine","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13067","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.13067","article-title":"A tale of two bacterial enteropathogens and one multivalent vaccine","volume":"21","author":"Barry","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S20","DOI":"10.1086\/518135","article-title":"CVD 908, CVD 908-htrA, and CVD 909 live oral typhoid vaccines: a logical progression","volume":"45 Suppl 1","author":"Tacket","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1038\/219645a0","article-title":"Plaque formation of influenza virus at 25 degrees C","volume":"219","author":"Maassab","year":"1968","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B183","first-page":"728","article-title":"Biologic and immunologic characteristics of cold-adapted influenza virus","volume":"102","author":"Maassab","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Immunol Baltim Md"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B184","first-page":"271","volume-title":"Options for the control of influenza","author":"Maassab","year":"1986"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(81)90298-1","article-title":"Genetic factors associated with loss of the temperature-sensitive phenotype of the influenza A\/Alaska\/77-ts-1A2 recombinant during growth in vivo","volume":"112","author":"Tolpin","year":"1981","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/163.5.1023","article-title":"The A\/Mallard\/6750\/78 avian-human, but not the A\/Ann Arbor\/6\/60 cold-adapted, influenza A\/Kawasaki\/86 (H1N1) reassortant virus vaccine retains partial virulence for infants and children","volume":"163","author":"Steinhoff","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2230","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.30.9.2230-2234.1992","article-title":"Evaluation of a cold-adapted influenza B\/Texas\/84 reassortant virus (CRB-87) vaccine in young children","volume":"30","author":"Anderson","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(90)90049-R","article-title":"Effect of live attenuated, cold recombinant (CR) influenza virus vaccines on pulmonary function in healthy and asthmatic adults","volume":"8","author":"Atmar","year":"1990","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/154.1.121","article-title":"Immunity to influenza A virus infection in young children: a comparison of natural infection, live cold-adapted vaccine, and inactivated vaccine","volume":"154","author":"Johnson","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.32.2.693-697.1981","article-title":"Evaluation of A\/Alaska\/6\/77 (H3N2) cold-adapted recombinant viruses derived from A\/Ann Arbor\/6\/60 cold-adapted donor virus in adult seronegative volunteers","volume":"32","author":"Murphy","year":"1981","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B191","first-page":"99","article-title":"Live attenuated influenza vaccines in young seronegative children","volume":"39","author":"Wright","year":"1977","journal-title":"Dev Biol Stand"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.29.2.348-355.1980","article-title":"Evaluation of influenza A\/Hong Kong\/123\/77 (H1N1) ts-1A2 and cold-adapted recombinant viruses in seronegative adult volunteers","volume":"29","author":"Murphy","year":"1980","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/150.6.834","article-title":"Live attenuated influenza A virus vaccines in children: results of a field trial","volume":"150","author":"Belshe","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.42.1.214-218.1983","article-title":"Ability of human cord blood lymphocytes to mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against influenza virus-infected cells","volume":"42","author":"Hashimoto","year":"1983","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890170405","article-title":"Comparison of long-term systemic and secretory antibody responses in children given live, attenuated, or inactivated influenza A vaccine","volume":"17","author":"Johnson","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(85)90140-9","article-title":"Simultaneous administration of live, attenuated influenza A vaccines representing different serotypes","volume":"3","author":"Wright","year":"1985","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.24.3.336-342.1986","article-title":"Safety of and serum antibody response to cold-recombinant influenza A and inactivated trivalent influenza virus vaccines in older adults with chronic diseases","volume":"24","author":"Gorse","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(86)90097-6","article-title":"In vitro production of anti-influenza virus antibody after simultaneous administration of H3N2 and H1N1 cold-adapted vaccines in seronegative children","volume":"4","author":"Edwards","year":"1986","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(87)90107-1","article-title":"Comparison of live and inactivated influenza vaccine in high risk children","volume":"5","author":"King","year":"1987","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.26.5.911-918.1988","article-title":"Local and systemic antibody responses in high-risk adults given live-attenuated and inactivated influenza A virus vaccines","volume":"26","author":"Gorse","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.27.5.909-914.1989","article-title":"Evaluation of cold-recombinant influenza A\/Korea (CR-59) virus vaccine in infants","volume":"27","author":"Anderson","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.28.3.596-599.1990","article-title":"Use of live cold-adapted influenza A H1N1 and H3N2 virus vaccines in seropositive adults","volume":"28","author":"Treanor","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/161.1.22","article-title":"Cold recombinant influenza B\/Texas\/1\/84 vaccine virus (CRB 87): attenuation, immunogenicity, and efficacy against homotypic challenge","volume":"161","author":"Keitel","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B204","first-page":"595","article-title":"Live attenuated and inactivated influenza vaccine in school-age children","volume":"144","author":"Gruber","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.100.4.977","article-title":"Superiority of live attenuated compared with inactivated influenza A virus vaccines in older, chronically ill adults","volume":"100","author":"Gorse","year":"1991","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/163.4.740","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of live attenuated cold-adapted influenza B\/Ann Arbor\/1\/86 reassortant virus vaccine in infants and children","volume":"163","author":"Edwards","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/163.2.300","article-title":"Comparison of heterotypic protection against influenza A\/Taiwan\/86 (H1N1) by attenuated and inactivated vaccines to A\/Chile\/83-like viruses","volume":"163","author":"Clover","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/165.4.727","article-title":"Immunization of infants and young children with live attenuated trivalent cold-recombinant influenza A H1N1, H3N2, and B vaccine","volume":"165","author":"Belshe","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/168.2.455","article-title":"Evaluation of live attenuated cold-adapted influenza B\/Yamagata\/16\/88 reassortant virus vaccine in healthy adults","volume":"168","author":"Treanor","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/168.5.1282","article-title":"Comparative trial of large-particle aerosol and nose drop administration of live attenuated influenza vaccines","volume":"168","author":"Gruber","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/168.1.53","article-title":"Comparison of monovalent and trivalent live attenuated influenza vaccines in young children","volume":"168","author":"Gruber","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/169.5.1121","article-title":"Multidose, live attenuated, cold-recombinant, trivalent influenza vaccine in infants and young children","volume":"169","author":"Swierkosz","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.32.3.750-754.1994","article-title":"Effect of simultaneous administration of cold-adapted and wild-type influenza A viruses on experimental wild-type influenza infection in humans","volume":"32","author":"Youngner","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/169.1.68","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of cold-adapted and inactivated vaccines for the prevention of influenza A disease","volume":"169","author":"Edwards","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/169.2.477","article-title":"Variability in infectivity of cold-adapted recombinant influenza virus vaccines in humans","volume":"169","author":"Keitel","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/172.1.253","article-title":"Comparison of trivalent cold-adapted recombinant (CR) influenza virus vaccine with monovalent CR vaccines in healthy unselected adults","volume":"172","author":"Atmar","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1086\/317926","article-title":"Immunization against influenza: comparison of various topical and parenteral regimens containing inactivated and\/or live attenuated vaccines in healthy adults","volume":"183","author":"Keitel","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/173.6.1313","article-title":"Evaluation of live attenuated influenza vaccines in children 6\u201318 months of age: safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy. National institute of allergy and infectious diseases, vaccine and treatment evaluation program and the Wyeth-Ayerst ca influenza vaccine investigators group","volume":"173","author":"Gruber","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1086\/517822","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of low and high doses of trivalent live cold-adapted influenza vaccine administered intranasally as drops or spray to healthy children","volume":"177","author":"King","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(00)70097-7","article-title":"Efficacy of vaccination with live attenuated, cold-adapted, trivalent, intranasal influenza virus vaccine against a variant (A\/Sydney) not contained in the vaccine","volume":"136","author":"Belshe","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1086\/315323","article-title":"Correlates of immune protection induced by live, attenuated, cold-adapted, trivalent, intranasal influenza virus vaccine","volume":"181","author":"Belshe","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.2.137","article-title":"Effectiveness of live, attenuated intranasal influenza virus vaccine in healthy, working adults: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"282","author":"Nichol","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1902","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(99)00419-3","article-title":"Estimation of the efficacy of live, attenuated influenza vaccine from a two-year, multi-center vaccine trial: implications for influenza epidemic control","volume":"18","author":"Longini","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E24","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.2.e24","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness analysis of an intranasal influenza vaccine for the prevention of influenza in healthy children","volume":"108","author":"Luce","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1086\/315246","article-title":"Comparison of the safety, vaccine virus shedding, and immunogenicity of influenza virus vaccine, trivalent, types A and B, live cold-adapted, administered to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and non-HIV-infected adults","volume":"181","author":"King","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200112000-00006","article-title":"Safety, vaccine virus shedding and immunogenicity of trivalent, cold-adapted, live attenuated influenza vaccine administered to human immunodeficiency virus-infected and noninfected children","volume":"20","author":"King","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.110.4.662","article-title":"Safety of the trivalent, cold-adapted influenza vaccine in preschool-aged children","volume":"110","author":"Piedra","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200301000-00010","article-title":"Effect of yearly vaccinations with live, attenuated, cold-adapted, trivalent, intranasal influenza vaccines on antibody responses in children","volume":"22","author":"Bernstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa065368","article-title":"Live attenuated versus inactivated influenza vaccine in infants and young children","volume":"356","author":"Belshe","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(02)00748-X","article-title":"Efficacy trial of live, cold-adapted and inactivated influenza virus vaccines in older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a VA cooperative study","volume":"21","author":"Gorse","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2468","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.32.10.2468-2473.1994","article-title":"High doses of purified influenza A virus hemagglutinin significantly augment serum and nasal secretion antibody responses in healthy young adults","volume":"32","author":"Keitel","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1128\/cdli.3.5.507-510.1996","article-title":"Increasing doses of purified influenza virus hemagglutinin and subvirion vaccines enhance antibody responses in the elderly","volume":"3","author":"Keitel","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1121","article-title":"Safety of high doses of influenza vaccine and effect on antibody responses in elderly persons","volume":"166","author":"Keitel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.08.042","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of a high dosage trivalent influenza vaccine among elderly subjects","volume":"25","author":"Couch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2076","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.12.041","article-title":"A high dosage influenza vaccine induced significantly more neuraminidase antibody than standard vaccine among elderly subjects","volume":"28","author":"Cate","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.04.002","article-title":"High dose trivalent influenza vaccine compared to standard dose vaccine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving TNF-alpha inhibitor therapy and healthy controls: results of the DMID 10-0076 randomized clinical trial","volume":"38","author":"Stapleton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab206","article-title":"Topical imiquimod does not provide an adjuvant effect when administered with inactivated influenza A\/H5N1 vaccine in healthy young adults","volume":"224","author":"El Sahly","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/171.1.99","article-title":"Transplacental antibody transfer following maternal immunization with polysaccharide and conjugate Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines","volume":"171","author":"Englund","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8054","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.10.088","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of seasonal trivalent inactivated influenza vaccines in pregnant women","volume":"36","author":"Munoz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.05.059","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of three seasonal inactivated influenza vaccines among pregnant women and antibody persistence in their infants","volume":"38","author":"Munoz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.3633","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of tetanus diphtheria and acellular pertussis (Tdap) immunization during pregnancy in mothers and infants: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"311","author":"Munoz","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102556","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of a single dose of Tdap compared to Td in pregnant women in Mali and 3 its effect on infant immune responses: a single-centre, randomised, double-blind, active-controlled phase 2 study","volume":"71","author":"Haidara","year":"2024","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"2025101012215856800_ciaf454-B243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5430493","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/5430493","article-title":"Group B Streptococcus (GBS) colonization and disease among pregnant women: a historical cohort study","volume":"2019","author":"Edwards","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol"}],"container-title":["Clinical Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/81\/Supplement_2\/S59\/64613699\/ciaf454.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/81\/Supplement_2\/S59\/64613699\/ciaf454.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:22:27Z","timestamp":1760113347000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article\/81\/Supplement_2\/S59\/8280519"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]},"references-count":243,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Supplement_2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaf454","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-4838","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]}}}