{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T17:37:50Z","timestamp":1793295470453,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012264","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32GM007753"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32GM007753"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012264","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012264","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AI132606"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI132606"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012264","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["200-2016-91779"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["200-2016-91779"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031003","name":"CDC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031003","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Drug resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is an urgent public health threat. The anticipated approval of 2 new antimicrobials for gonorrhea prompts the need for evidence-based rollout strategies that minimize drug resistance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used a stochastic compartmental model of men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States (US) to compare 2 main strategies\u2014equal allocation and sequential drug deployment\u2014for 2 new and 1 existing drug and measured the time for each drug to reach a resistance prevalence threshold of 5%. We conducted broad analyses assessing the sensitivity of our results to wide variation in parameters governing the baseline behavior of the model and drug resistance evolution and fitness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared to the equal allocation strategy, the sequential strategy had reached the resistance prevalence threshold i) for each drug individually in at least as many simulations; ii) for all 3 drugs in at least as many simulations; and iii) for at least as many drugs on average. After 10 years, no equal allocation strategy simulations had met the 5% resistance prevalence threshold for any of the drugs, whereas 99.6% of sequential simulations had for the first drug, of which 3.5% had also met the threshold for the second drug. The sequential strategy was worse for nearly every reasonable combination of model parameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a model of US MSM, the equal allocation strategy for introducing new drugs for gonorrhea matched or outperformed the strategy of sequential introduction in terms of resistance prevalence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaf524","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T13:22:39Z","timestamp":1760361759000},"page":"S249-S255","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Comparing Strategies to Introduce Two New Antibiotics for Gonorrhea: A Modeling Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1974-9276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madeleine C","family":"Kline","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3468-2014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirstin","family":"Oliveira Roster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9319-7097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Helekal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2223-2681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Rumpler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5646-1314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yonatan H","family":"Grad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010808424212300_ciaf524-B1","author":"WHO Gonorrhoea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection)"},{"key":"2026010808424212300_ciaf524-B2","author":"CDC"},{"key":"2026010808424212300_ciaf524-B3","author":"CDC"},{"key":"2026010808424212300_ciaf524-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900147","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.10.1900147","article-title":"Detection in the United Kingdom of the Neisseria gonorrhoeae FC428 clone, with ceftriaxone resistance and intermediate resistance to azithromycin, October to December 2018","volume":"24","author":"Eyre","year":"2019","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"2026010808424212300_ciaf524-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800323","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.27.1800323","article-title":"Gonorrhoea 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