{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T13:30:41Z","timestamp":1787319041403,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HIV postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) is the only intervention for reducing HIV acquisition risk after exposure. Our objective was to describe PEP user characteristics and analyze national trends in PEP regimens recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 2016 and of off-label bictegravir\/emtricitabine\/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC\/FTC\/TAF) for PEP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed the IQVIA Real World Data\u2014Longitudinal Prescriptions database to identify persons aged \u226516 years prescribed antiretroviral (ARV) PEP regimens recommended by CDC or BIC\/FTC\/TAF from 2015 to 2023. We excluded persons with an HIV diagnosis or prescribed ARVs for HIV or hepatitis B virus treatment. Two clinicians reviewed regimens to confirm probable PEP prescriptions. We reported an annual number of PEP users, stratified by demographic characteristics, regimen type, and days of supply.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The number of persons prescribed PEP increased from 20 618 in 2015 to 44 934 in 2023. The number of persons prescribed a bictegravir-based PEP regimen increased from 1377 (4.1% of total PEP users) in 2018 to 7536 (16.8%) in 2023. Among 44 934 PEP users in 2023, 53.8% were men, and 39.8% were aged 25\u201334 years. Most (88.4%) PEP users were prescribed a full course of PEP (28\u201330-day supply).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our analysis found an increasing trend in PEP use annually, possibly reflecting greater PEP awareness and broader HIV prevention efforts. Increased use of a bictegravir-based PEP regimen in 2023 suggests a shift in PEP prescribing practices, likely due to its once-daily dosing and high tolerability. Our findings can guide future recommendations for PEP medications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaf581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T12:25:48Z","timestamp":1760617548000},"page":"e286-e295","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Trends in Persons Prescribed HIV Postexposure Prophylaxis in the United States, 2015\u20132023"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8702-933X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John N","family":"Le","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of HIV Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9042-6202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weiming","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of HIV Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya-Lin A","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of HIV Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of HIV Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7292-8834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesse","family":"O\u2019Shea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of HIV Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1302-2711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura M","family":"Mann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of HIV Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary R","family":"Tanner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of HIV Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athena P","family":"Kourtis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of HIV Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4942-7905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen W","family":"Hoover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of HIV Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia 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testing, viral suppression, and HIV preexposure prophylaxis\u2014united States, 2013\u20132018","volume":"68","author":"Harris","year":"2019","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2026031306482367800_ciaf581-B15"},{"key":"2026031306482367800_ciaf581-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354920904085","article-title":"Evaluation of algorithms used for PrEP surveillance using a reference population from New York City, July 2016-June 2018","volume":"135","author":"Furukawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"2026031306482367800_ciaf581-B17","author":"NASTAD"},{"key":"2026031306482367800_ciaf581-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2018.06.005","article-title":"The prevalence of pre-exposure prophylaxis use and the pre-exposure prophylaxis-to-need ratio in the fourth quarter of 2017, United States","volume":"28","author":"Siegler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann 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