{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T23:09:06Z","timestamp":1789168146228,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762214400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Theratechnologies Inc"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Some individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) have acquired multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of HIV and\/or are nonadherent to antiretroviral (ARV) medication. Injectable ARVs can provide salvage therapy for those with limited therapeutic options and may be preferred by some people with HIV (PWH). Real-world evidence may contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the barriers to adherence and the utility of injectable ARVs in PWH. Currently, there is a lack of data on combined use of injectable ibalizumab (IBA) and lenacapavir (LEN) with optimized background regimen (OBR).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective observational study examined medical charts from people with MDR HIV across 8 facilities in the United States. All PWH used a combination of both IBA + LEN \u00b1 OBR for at least 6 months. Viral loads and CD4+ counts were collected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 21 PWH were included. Four-class resistance at baseline was reported in 38.1% of PWH. Within 12 to 24 weeks of combined IBA + LEN treatment, a median reduction of \u22122710\u2005copies\/mL HIV RNA was observed. Median increase to CD4+ count was 67.5\u2005cells\/mm3 within 4 to 44 weeks of treatment initiation. Few intolerances required changes to treatment. Therapy with IBA + LEN continued for an average of 30 months and 20 months, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this small group of individuals with MDR HIV who were heavily treatment-experienced and\/or faced adherence challenges, the use of IBA + LEN \u00b1 OBR was well tolerated and led to clinically significant reductions in viral loads and improvements in CD4+ counts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaf597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T13:11:39Z","timestamp":1761916299000},"page":"e534-e540","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Combined Use of Ibalizumab and Lenacapavir for the Treatment of Multidrug-resistant HIV-1: A Case Series"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Rolle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Operations, Orlando Immunology Center , Orlando, Florida ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8954-345X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amit","family":"Achhra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Harbison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacy, Prism Health North Texas , Dallas, Texas ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Finkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rutgers Health, New Jersey Medical School , Newark, New Jersey 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