{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T06:35:05Z","timestamp":1785825305664,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R21 AI157817"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 AI157817"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000061","name":"Fogarty International Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01TW012170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01TW012170"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a global health problem. Ceftriaxone is the first-line treatment, while cefixime is recommended as an alternative. Data on cefixime treatment outcomes, particularly from areas with increased resistance, are limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective review of all gonococcal infections treated with cefixime 800\u2005mg and ceftriaxone 500\u2005mg within a sexual health program in Hanoi, Vietnam, between May 2022 and February 2023. Gonococcal infections were detected via culture or N. gonorrhoeae nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) at pharyngeal, rectal, or urogenital sites. A test of cure (TOC) was done 10\u201321 days posttreatment. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate factors associated with TOC positivity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were 24 participants treated with cefixime and 75 participants treated with ceftriaxone. The median time to follow-up testing was 12 days (range, 8\u201318 days) for cefixime and 17 days (range, 8\u201328 days) for ceftriaxone (P &amp;lt; .01). All follow-up cultures were negative. NAAT positivity was higher for cefixime (45.0%) compared to ceftriaxone (17.7%) (P = .014); all were positive at the pharynx, and 1 was also positive rectally. In multivariate analysis, higher initial NAAT cycle threshold values (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.81 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .70\u2013.92]) and ceftriaxone treatment (aOR, 0.11 [95% CI, .02\u2013.61]) were associated with lower odds of positivity at TOC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among N. gonorrhoeae infections treated with oral cefixime, we found no positive cultures at follow-up. Higher NAAT positivity among those treated with cefixime could reflect slower clearance at pharyngeal sites. However, persistent detection by NAATs at pharyngeal sites suggests the presence of nonviable bacteria, a limitation of the tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaf607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T12:58:31Z","timestamp":1762865911000},"page":"S231-S237","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cefixime for the Treatment of\n                    <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/i>\n                    Infections in a Setting With Increased Antimicrobial Resistance: A Retrospective Study in Hanoi, Vietnam"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2776-6458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul C","family":"Adamson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0712-2027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hollie M","family":"David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7142-9806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Loc Q","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Training on Substance Abuse\u2013HIV, Hanoi Medical University , Hanoi ,","place":["Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7990-8091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao T M","family":"Bui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Training on Substance Abuse\u2013HIV, Hanoi Medical University , Hanoi ,","place":["Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1668-2902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hai Ha Long","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Hospital of Dermatology and Venereology , Hanoi ,","place":["Vietnam"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Hanoi Medical University , Hanoi ,","place":["Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4117-1132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Quynh Hoa","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Hospital of Dermatology and Venereology , Hanoi ,","place":["Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doanh H","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Hospital of Dermatology and Venereology , Hanoi ,","place":["Vietnam"]},{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hanoi Medical University , Hanoi ,","place":["Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3370-4453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Le Minh","family":"Giang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Training on Substance Abuse\u2013HIV, Hanoi Medical University , Hanoi ,","place":["Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6922-7364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey D","family":"Klausner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 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