{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T11:08:51Z","timestamp":1782817731630,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institute of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart Lung and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R38 HL143581"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R38 HL143581"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K08 AI141740"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08 AI141740"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R25 AI147375"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R25 AI147375"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24 AR074534"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24 AR074534"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000133","name":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HS028024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HS028024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000133","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Targeted immunotherapies have transformed the treatment of many diseases. However, some increase the risk of tuberculosis (TB) disease. We sought to develop a comprehensive list of targeted immunotherapies with TB infection screening recommendations in US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved prescribing information and compare these recommendations to clinical resources and quality measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Through a gray literature review, we identified TB clinical resources and US quality measures. We created a list of targeted immunotherapies and TB infection screening recommendations by analyzing 4 FDA databases. We then evaluated the consistency of screening recommendations in prescribing information, TB clinical resources, and quality measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 6 TB clinical resources and 1 quality measure for TB infection. While TB infection screening recommendations for tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors were consistently included, recommendations for other therapies were less consistent. Through FDA database analyses, we identified 269 targeted immunotherapies, 35 (13%) of which had TB infection screening recommendations in prescribing information, including all therapies targeting TNF and several interleukins (IL); however, therapies targeting IL-6, Janus-associated kinase, and others had variable recommendations. Significant discordance in screening recommendations for immunotherapies was further identified when comparing prescribing information, clinical resources, and quality measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The number and targets of immunotherapies are rapidly evolving resulting in challenges with creating up-to-date and consistent TB infection screening recommendations. Inconsistent recommendations in clinical resources may contribute to gaps in TB preventive care. Harmonized recommendations and additional epidemiologic studies of TB disease risk with the use of these agents are needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaf628","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]],"date-time":"2025-11-15T12:52:45Z","timestamp":1763211165000},"page":"e1023-e1035","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Tuberculosis Infection Screening Recommendations for Targeted Immunotherapies: Comparison of US Prescribing Information, Clinical Resources, and Quality Measures"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7567-7727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew T","family":"Murrill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hospital Medicine, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, California ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"UCSF Center for Tuberculosis, Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San 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,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Francisco Department of Public Health Prevention and Control Program , San Francisco, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annie","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Washington Medicine , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3508-4094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinoos","family":"Yazdany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, California ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8435-8994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric T","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6629-8749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anand R","family":"Habib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hospital Medicine, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2195-587X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haiyan Ramirez","family":"Batlle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco , San 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