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Advances in \u2019omics and model-informed precision dosing, as well as integrated algorithms using artificial intelligence, need to be adapted and validated in clinical trials to improve classification of patients for stratified treatment. When treatment is initiated based on the clinical phenotype, monitoring of treatment response can be improved by quantification of bacterial load, transcriptomic and epigenetic biosignatures for sputum-free monitoring, and assessing disease burden by radiological and symptom scoring tools. Many of these tools are suitable for high-endemic settings. 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