{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T00:18:37Z","timestamp":1793146717346,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NU50CK000574"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NU50CK000574"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Llura A. Gund Laboratory for Vector borne Disease Research"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020167","name":"Gordon and Llura Gund Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020167","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001621","name":"Ken and Sherrilyn Fisher Center for Environmental Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Regional blood donor screening for Babesia has been conducted in the United States since 2019, using highly sensitive and specific nucleic acid testing (NAT). Currently, there are no recommendations regarding the management of asymptomatic blood donors who test positive for Babesia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A multidisciplinary expert panel was convened to develop guidance for the management of asymptomatic Babesia-infected blood donors. Additionally, a survey was distributed through the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) Emerging Infections Network (EIN) to evaluate how a geographically diverse group of infectious diseases specialists would approach this problem.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The expert panel recommends that all Babesia NAT-positive blood donors should be referred for clinical evaluation and retesting using peripheral blood smear (PBS) and Babesia PCR. The panel also recommends observation rather than treatment for a reactive molecular test alone. Antimicrobial therapy should be considered for PBS-positive cases. Donors should be instructed to seek medical care if symptoms develop. The EIN survey results are consistent with these recommendations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Since blood donors comprise healthy, immunocompetent adults, findings of incidental Babesia infections in asymptomatic donors are frequently self-limited. Longitudinal studies show that molecular evidence of infection in blood donors clears in almost all without intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaf721","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T13:02:39Z","timestamp":1766581359000},"page":"e206-e213","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Guidance on the Management of Asymptomatic Blood Donors Who Test Positive for\n                    <i>Babesia<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"83","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8181-9517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evan M","family":"Bloch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5719-9685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy 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Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijay K","family":"Sikand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Lawrence and Memorial Hospital , New London, Connecticut ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2776-6829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Howard M","family":"Heller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunil K","family":"Sood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwell Cohen Children's, Infectious Diseases, Zucker School of Medicine , New Hyde Park, New York ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4085-5540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Kirkman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, New York ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, New York ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9174-3533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennie E","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3589-0432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis A","family":"Marcos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob E","family":"Lemieux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert P","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maine Medical Center, Maine Health Institute for 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