{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T02:35:32Z","timestamp":1780367732824,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although anal cancer is rare, it disproportionately affects high-risk groups such as men who have sex with men (MSM) and people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). MSM using Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (MSM-PrEP) represent an emerging subgroup with behavioral risk factors that may increase susceptibility to High-Risk Human Papillomavirus (HRHPV) infection and anal High-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (HSIL). However, data on precancerous anal lesions in this group remain unexplored.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to compare the prevalence and distribution of histological abnormalities detected by High-Resolution Anoscopy (HRA) between MSM-PrEP and MSM with HIV (HIV + MSM) and to explore the association between anal HSIL and anal swab results using cytology and HRHPV testing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This secondary exploratory analysis extended a prospective, monocentric cross-sectional study on cytology and HPV infection conducted at the HIV Reference Centre and PrEP Clinic of Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel by incorporating histological data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 85 MSM-PrEP and 93 HIV + MSM underwent HRA. Histologically confirmed anal HSIL did not differ significantly between MSM-PrEP and HIV + MSM (OR 0.6, 95% CI .32\u20131.25). No significant variation was observed in the overall histological outcome distribution (P = .401). A history of gonorrhea was significantly associated with HSIL (OR 2.39, 95% CI 1.03\u20135.55). Cytology showed limited discriminatory value, while HRHPV infection was present in all HSIL cases. Many lesions were linked to HRHPV types other than HPV16.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MSM-PrEP may be at similarly high risk for anal HSIL as HIV + MSM, underscoring the need for tailored screening strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaf724","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T12:45:33Z","timestamp":1767271533000},"page":"e836-e842","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Human Papillomavirus-Related Anal Precancerous Lesions in Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Comparative Study of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Users and HIV-Positive Individuals"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4560-8031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magali","family":"Surmont","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UZ Brussel, Brussels ,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) , Brussel ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1232-1376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michel","family":"Verheyden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, UZ Brussel, Brussels ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaira","family":"Sahebali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, UZ Brussel, Brussels ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6712-2796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathijs","family":"Goossens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centrum Voor Kankeropsporing , Brugge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1565-7318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabine","family":"Allard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, UZ Brussel, Brussels ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastien","family":"Kindt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UZ Brussel, Brussels ,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) , Brussel ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026043013125127300_ciaf724-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34850","article-title":"International Anal Neoplasia Society's consensus guidelines for anal cancer screening","volume":"154","author":"Stier","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"2026043013125127300_ciaf724-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000003057","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of anal HPV infection in MSM living with HIV: identifying the target groups to prioritize for immunization","volume":"91","author":"Bruzzesi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"2026043013125127300_ciaf724-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pvr.2017.10.004","article-title":"Syndemic synergy of HPV and other sexually transmitted pathogens in the development of high-grade anal squamous intraepithelial lesions","volume":"4","author":"McCloskey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Papillomavirus Res"},{"key":"2026043013125127300_ciaf724-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e531","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(21)00108-9","article-title":"Epidemiology of anal human papillomavirus infection and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions in 29 900 men according to HIV status, sexuality, and age: a collaborative pooled analysis of 64 studies","volume":"8","author":"Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"2026043013125127300_ciaf724-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0139524","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0139524","article-title":"HPV prevalence in multiple anatomical sites among men who have sex with men in Peru","volume":"10","author":"Blas","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026043013125127300_ciaf724-B6","author":"Surmont"},{"key":"2026043013125127300_ciaf724-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(12)70080-3","article-title":"Anal human papillomavirus infection and associated neoplastic lesions in men who have sex with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Machalek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2026043013125127300_ciaf724-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2273","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2201048","article-title":"Treatment of anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions to prevent anal cancer","volume":"386","author":"Palefsky","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026043013125127300_ciaf724-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.35185","article-title":"Does use of anal cytology as a triage test improve the performance of high-risk human papillomavirus screening in gay and bisexual men for anal cancer prevention?","volume":"156","author":"Jin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"2026043013125127300_ciaf724-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaf052","article-title":"2024 anal cancer screening guidelines: analysis of clinical performance and HRA utilization in a large cohort of persons with HIV","volume":"81","author":"Gaisa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026043013125127300_ciaf724-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofz291","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz291","article-title":"High prevalence of anal and oral high-risk human papillomavirus in human immunodeficiency virus-uninfected French men who have sex with men and use preexposure prophylaxis","volume":"6","author":"Mboumba Bouassa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026043013125127300_ciaf724-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa002","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of human papillomavirus infection in men having sex with men enrolled in a pre-exposure prophylaxis study: a sub-study of the agence nationale de recherches sur le SIDA et les hepatites virales \u201cintervention preventive de l'Exposition aux risques avec et pour les hommes gays\u201d trial","volume":"72","author":"Cotte","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026043013125127300_ciaf724-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e29112","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29112","article-title":"Changes in HPV prevalence, incidence, and clearance following the use of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among MSM in Xinjiang, China: an observational cohort study","volume":"95","author":"Tian","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"2026043013125127300_ciaf724-B14","first-page":"248","article-title":"High prevalence of anal papillomavirus infection in men who have sex with men PrEP users","volume":"26","author":"Rossotti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"2026043013125127300_ciaf724-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-023-02899-8","article-title":"Screening for precancerous anal lesions linked to human papillomaviruses: French recommendations for clinical practice","volume":"28","author":"Spindler","year":"2024","journal-title":"Tech Coloproctol"},{"key":"2026043013125127300_ciaf724-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiae627","article-title":"DNA methylation analysis on anal swabs for anal cancer screening in people living with HIV","volume":"232","author":"Dias Goncalves Lima","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Clinical Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaf724\/66257110\/ciaf724.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/82\/4\/e836\/66257110\/ciaf724.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/82\/4\/e836\/66257110\/ciaf724.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T17:12:59Z","timestamp":1777569179000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article\/82\/4\/e836\/8413602"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaf724","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-4838","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]}}}