{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T16:20:47Z","timestamp":1788366047468,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AI152087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AI152087"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017037","name":"Cepheid","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017037","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Accurate nonsputum tests are essential for improving tuberculosis (TB) detection. We report the first evaluation of the Xpert TB\/LTBI assay (research-use-only; Cepheid, USA), which detects 9 Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen-stimulated mRNA targets from blood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We enrolled individuals \u226512 years with presumptive TB from clinics in Uganda and Vietnam. All participants underwent sputum- (liquid culture; Xpert MTB\/RIF Ultra) and blood-based (Xpert TB\/LTBI; QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus [QFT-Plus]) testing. Participants were classified as having active TB (positive sputum results), latent TB infection (LTBI; positive QFT-Plus with negative sputum results), or no TB infection. Diagnostic accuracy for active TB (primary analysis) and of a 2-step algorithm that first predicted TB infection (active TB or LTBI) and then distinguished active TB from LTBI was assessed using logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 214 participants included, 56.5% were male, 9.3% were with HIV, 29.0% had active TB, and 31.8% had LTBI. Xpert TB\/LTBI area under the curve (AUC) was 0.92 (95% CI: .88\u2013.96) for identifying active TB, and sensitivity was 93.5% (95% CI: 84.6\u201397.5) and specificity 76.3% (95% CI: 69.0\u201382.4) at a cut-point that achieved \u226590% sensitivity. In the 2-step algorithm, Xpert TB\/LTBI had high accuracy for identifying TB infection in the first step, but accuracy was lower for distinguishing active TB from LTBI in the second step.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Xpert TB\/LTBI exceeded World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended minimum accuracy targets for a TB screening test. However, further refinement is needed to improve its ability to distinguish active TB from LTBI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciag005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T12:36:06Z","timestamp":1768566966000},"page":"e379-e385","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluating the Cepheid Xpert TB\/LTBI Research-Use-Only Assay for Detection of Active and Latent\n                    <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i>\n                    Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"83","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8655-2639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brittney","family":"Sweetser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, University of California Irvine , Irvine, California ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Center for Tuberculosis, Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California San 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