{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T18:33:54Z","timestamp":1793212434250,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006396","name":"Alexion","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006396","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004702","name":"Baxter","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004702","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005564","name":"Gilead","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020270","name":"SOS Oxyg\u00e8ne","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022110","name":"bioM\u00e9rieux","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022110","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Oxyvie"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cryptococcus causes life-threatening opportunistic infections in immunocompromised hosts. Data on the most severe cases requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission remain limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective, multicenter study of patients admitted to 30 French ICUs for severe cryptococcosis between 2000 and 2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 151 patients included, 56.9% were patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Cases in patients without HIV became increasingly prevalent over time (51.3% in 2012\u20132022 vs 32.4% before 2012); 82.5% were receiving immunosuppressive therapy. Central nervous system infection was predominant (91.1%), followed by lung infection (39.7%). Fungemia occurred in 59.8% patients, and 75.2% had disseminated infection. Neurological failure was the leading organ impairment at admission (75.5%) followed by respiratory failure (47.7%), acute kidney injury (41.7%), and shock (24.5%). The median Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score was 4 (interquartile range, 2\u20137). Invasive mechanical ventilation, vasopressors, and renal replacement therapy were required in 54.9%, 34.4%, and 18.5% of patients, respectively. At day 90, 94% of patients requiring mechanical ventilation and vasopressors were deceased, compared to 38.7% with invasive ventilation alone and 17.2% without any organ support (P &amp;lt; .001). Overall, 90-day mortality reached 49.6%. SOFA score (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.04 [95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02\u20131.06]), admission between 2000 and 2012 (aHR, 2.30 [95% CI, 1.36\u20133.89]), disseminated infection (aHR, 2.32 [95% CI, 1.15\u20134.67]), and initiation of antifungal therapy before ICU admission (aHR, 0.38 [95% CI, .22\u2013.63]) were independently associated with 90-day mortality, whereas HIV serostatus was not (aHR, 0.93 [95% CI, .47\u20131.84]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Severe cryptococcosis requiring ICU admission affects an increasing number of patients without HIV and is associated with high, though declining, mortality. Early diagnosis and treatment are mandatory to improve prognosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciag091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T12:45:11Z","timestamp":1770986711000},"page":"516-525","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Presentation and Prognosis of Cryptococcosis Requiring Intensive Care Unit Admission in France: The CRYPTO-ICU Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"83","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1346-4926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Herbel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de M\u00e9decine Intensive R\u00e9animation, D\u00e9partement m\u00e9dico-universitaire ESPRIT, H\u00f4pital Louis Mourier, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris , Colombes ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Service de Maladies infectieuses et tropicales, H\u00f4pital Necker\u2013Enfants Malades, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris , Paris ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Service de M\u00e9decine Intensive R\u00e9animation, H\u00f4pital Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3975-3136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivier","family":"Paccoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Maladies infectieuses et tropicales, H\u00f4pital Necker\u2013Enfants Malades, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6379-1928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c9tienne","family":"de Montmollin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, H\u00f4pital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Service de M\u00e9decine Intensive et R\u00e9animation Infectieuse, D\u00e9partement m\u00e9dico-universitaire INVICTUS , H\u00f4pital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1306-5040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baptiste","family":"Grenier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service d\u2019Otolaryngologie, H\u00f4pital Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris , Paris ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Inserm, U970, Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire de Paris, Epid\u00e9miologie int\u00e9grative des maladies cardiovasculaires , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1749-4276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muriel","family":"Picard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de R\u00e9animation Polyvalente, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole , Toulouse ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6966-5268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara","family":"Vigneron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de M\u00e9decine Intensive R\u00e9animation, H\u00f4pital Cochin, Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Osman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de M\u00e9decine Intensive R\u00e9animation, H\u00f4pital de Bic\u00eatre, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay , Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A\u00eblle","family":"Le Gall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de M\u00e9decine Intensive R\u00e9animation, H\u00f4pital Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9782-3577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliette","family":"Guitard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, H\u00f4pital Saint-Antoine, Laboratoire de parasitology et mycologie , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4465-8392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00e9r\u00e9mie","family":"Joffre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de M\u00e9decine Intensive R\u00e9animation, H\u00f4pital Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris , Paris ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, H\u00f4pital Saint-Antoine , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4309-7266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Frapard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de r\u00e9animation m\u00e9dicale, D\u00e9partement hospitalo-universitaire Ageing-Thorax-Vessels-Blood, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris , Cr\u00e9teil ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Est Cr\u00e9teil, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine de Cr\u00e9teil, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale\u2013Groupe de recherche clinique CARMAS , Cr\u00e9teil ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2848-3097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentin","family":"Coirier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de M\u00e9decine Intensive R\u00e9animation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes , Rennes ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5278-8966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrien","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de M\u00e9decine Intensive R\u00e9animation, H\u00f4pital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9 , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3034-6857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julien","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H\u00f4pital Avicenne, Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris Service de R\u00e9animation m\u00e9dico-chirurgicale, , Bobigny ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4565-2454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurent","family":"Argaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de M\u00e9decine Intensive R\u00e9animation, H\u00f4pital Edouard Herriot , Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3552-5053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maxens","family":"Decav\u00e8le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de M\u00e9decine Intensive R\u00e9animation (D\u00e9partement R3S) , H\u00f4pital Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Paris ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Inserm, UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Lacave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"M\u00e9decine intensive r\u00e9animation, Centre hospitalier de Versailles , Le Chesnay ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Voirot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de M\u00e9decine Intensive R\u00e9animation, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche S_938 Inserm, Team 5PMed , H\u00f4pital Tenon, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3919-7340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathieu","family":"Bellal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de M\u00e9decine Intensive et R\u00e9animation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Caen , Caen ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathilde","family":"Neuville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de R\u00e9animation m\u00e9dico-chirurgicale, H\u00f4pital Foch , Suresnes ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Sophie","family":"Moreau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de m\u00e9decine intensive r\u00e9animation, H\u00f4pital Salengro, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille , Lille ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6184-644X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Andr\u00e9 Gr\u00e9goire, Groupement Hospitalier de Territoire Grand-Paris Nord-Est Service de R\u00e9animation, , Montreuil ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma\u00eft\u00e9","family":"Agbakou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de M\u00e9decine Intensive R\u00e9animation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes , Nantes ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Pichereau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de M\u00e9decine Intensive R\u00e9animation, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Poissy Saint Germain , Poissy ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2351-682X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Pierre","family":"Quenot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de M\u00e9decine Intensive R\u00e9animation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon Bourgogne , Dijon ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4946-8184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrice","family":"Uhel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de M\u00e9decine Intensive R\u00e9animation, D\u00e9partement m\u00e9dico-universitaire ESPRIT, H\u00f4pital Louis Mourier, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris , Colombes ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Inserm Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche-S1151, Centre national de recherche scientifique Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche-S8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Le Pape","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de M\u00e9decine Intensive R\u00e9animation , Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Orl\u00e9ans, Orl\u00e9ans ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvie","family":"Meireles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de R\u00e9animation M\u00e9dico-Chirurgicale, Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, H\u00f4pital Ambroise Par\u00e9 , Boulogne ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Achille","family":"Kouatchet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de M\u00e9decine Intensive R\u00e9animation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d\u2019Angers , Angers ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4336-507X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damien","family":"Contou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de R\u00e9animation Polyvalente, Centre Hospitalier Victor Dupouy , Argenteuil ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romain","family":"Persichini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de R\u00e9animation et Soins Continus, Centre Hospitalier de Saintes , Saintes ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3443-6115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nahema","family":"Issa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"M\u00e9decine interne et maladies infectieuses, H\u00f4pital Saint-Andr\u00e9, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux , Bordeaux ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1711-463X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Djamel","family":"Mokart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de R\u00e9animation, Institut Paoli Calmettes , Marseille ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Lortholary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Maladies infectieuses et tropicales, H\u00f4pital Necker\u2013Enfants Malades, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris , Paris ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Mycologie, Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Centre National de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence des Mycoses invasives et des Antifongiques, Groupe de Recherche Translationnelle en Mycologie , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elie","family":"Azoulay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de M\u00e9decine Intensive R\u00e9animation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes , Rennes ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Inserm UMR1342, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanny","family":"Lanternier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Maladies infectieuses et tropicales, H\u00f4pital Necker\u2013Enfants Malades, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris , Paris ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Mycologie, Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Centre National de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence des Mycoses invasives et des Antifongiques, Groupe de Recherche Translationnelle en Mycologie , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2945-6293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Na\u00efke","family":"Big\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de M\u00e9decine Intensive R\u00e9animation, H\u00f4pital Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris , Paris ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Service de M\u00e9decine Intensive R\u00e9animation, D\u00e9partement Interdisciplinaire d\u2019Organisation des Parcours Patients, Gustave Roussy , Villejuif ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026102813510132400_ciag091-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30243-8","article-title":"Global burden of disease of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis: an updated analysis","volume":"17","author":"Rajasingham","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026102813510132400_ciag091-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.03.031","article-title":"Features of cryptococcosis among 652 HIV-seronegative individuals in France: a cross-sectional observational study (2005\u20132020)","volume":"30","author":"Paccoud","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2026102813510132400_ciag091-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofx004","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofx004","article-title":"Epidemiology of cryptococcosis and cryptococcal meningitis in a large retrospective cohort of patients after solid organ transplantation","volume":"4","author":"George","year":"2017","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026102813510132400_ciag091-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13543","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.13543","article-title":"Cryptococcosis in solid organ transplantation\u2014guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice","volume":"33","author":"Baddley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Transplant"},{"key":"2026102813510132400_ciag091-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2561-z","article-title":"Cryptococcosis in patients with hematological diseases: a 14-year retrospective clinical analysis in a Chinese tertiary hospital","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026102813510132400_ciag091-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12783","article-title":"Cryptococcal infections over a 15 year period at a tertiary facility and impact of guideline management","volume":"61","author":"Gassiep","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"2026102813510132400_ciag091-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2132","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000000690","article-title":"Cryptococcosis in patients with cirrhosis of the liver and posttransplant outcomes","volume":"99","author":"Singh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"2026102813510132400_ciag091-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofv197","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofv197","article-title":"End-stage liver disease is a strong predictor of early mortality in cryptococcosis","volume":"3","author":"Spec","year":"2016","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026102813510132400_ciag091-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix867","article-title":"Comparative epidemiology and outcomes of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), non-HIV non-transplant, and solid organ transplant associated cryptococcosis: a population-based study","volume":"66","author":"George","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026102813510132400_ciag091-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S38850","article-title":"Cryptococcal meningitis: epidemiology and therapeutic options","volume":"6","author":"Sloan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026102813510132400_ciag091-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab268","article-title":"MSG07: an international cohort study comparing epidemiology and outcomes of patients with Cryptococcus neoformans or Cryptococcus gattii infections","volume":"73","author":"Baddley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026102813510132400_ciag091-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e43582","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043582","article-title":"Comparison and temporal trends of three groups with cryptococcosis: HIV-infected, solid organ transplant, and HIV-negative\/non-transplant","volume":"7","author":"Bratton","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026102813510132400_ciag091-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040021","article-title":"Determinants of disease presentation and outcome during cryptococcosis: the CryptoA\/D study","volume":"4","author":"Dromer","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2026102813510132400_ciag091-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofad658","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad658","article-title":"Cryptococcus neoformans infections differ among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)\u2013seropositive and HIV-seronegative individuals: results from a nationwide surveillance program in France","volume":"11","author":"Paccoud","year":"2024","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026102813510132400_ciag091-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad321","article-title":"Current epidemiology and clinical features of Cryptococcus infection in patients without human immunodeficiency virus: a multicenter study in 46 hospitals in Australia and New Zealand","volume":"77","author":"Coussement","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026102813510132400_ciag091-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268809990926","article-title":"Disseminated Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii infections in intensive care units","volume":"138","author":"Chuang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"2026102813510132400_ciag091-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz1008","article-title":"Revision and update of the consensus definitions of invasive fungal disease from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium","volume":"71","author":"Donnelly","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026102813510132400_ciag091-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e495","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(23)00731-4","article-title":"Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of cryptococcosis: an initiative of the ECMM and ISHAM in cooperation with the ASM","volume":"24","author":"Chang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026102813510132400_ciag091-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01709751","article-title":"The SOFA (Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment) score to describe organ dysfunction\/failure. On behalf of the Working Group on Sepsis-Related Problems of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine","volume":"22","author":"Vincent","year":"1996","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2026102813510132400_ciag091-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.08.002","article-title":"Critically ill patients with HIV: 40 years later","volume":"157","author":"Azoulay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026102813510132400_ciag091-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1110404","article-title":"Combination antifungal therapy for cryptococcal meningitis","volume":"368","author":"Day","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026102813510132400_ciag091-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2435","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt221","article-title":"Flucytosine and cryptococcosis: time to urgently address the worldwide accessibility of a 50-year-old antifungal","volume":"68","author":"Loyse","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2026102813510132400_ciag091-B23","first-page":"CD010481","article-title":"Amphotericin B deoxycholate versus liposomal amphotericin B: effects on kidney function","volume":"2015","author":"Botero Aguirre","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2026102813510132400_ciag091-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70945-4","article-title":"Management of Cryptococcus gattii meningoencephalitis","volume":"15","author":"Franco-Paredes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026102813510132400_ciag091-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5575","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005575","article-title":"Early antiretroviral therapy reduces AIDS progression\/death in individuals with acute opportunistic infections: a multicenter randomized strategy trial","volume":"4","author":"Zolopa","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026102813510132400_ciag091-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2487","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1312884","article-title":"Timing of antiretroviral therapy after diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis","volume":"370","author":"Boulware","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026102813510132400_ciag091-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1086\/511438","article-title":"Cryptococcus neoformans in organ transplant recipients: impact of calcineurin-inhibitor agents on mortality","volume":"195","author":"Singh","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026102813510132400_ciag091-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu711","article-title":"Predictors of immune reconstitution syndrome in organ transplant recipients with cryptococcosis: implications for the management of immunosuppression","volume":"60","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026102813510132400_ciag091-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit641","article-title":"Point-of-care diagnosis and prognostication of cryptococcal meningitis with the cryptococcal antigen lateral flow assay on cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"58","author":"Kabanda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026102813510132400_ciag091-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32832605fe","article-title":"Relationship of cerebrospinal fluid pressure, fungal burden and outcome in patients with cryptococcal meningitis undergoing serial lumbar punctures","volume":"23","author":"Bicanic","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2026102813510132400_ciag091-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.13.123","article-title":"Cryptococcus gattii infections: contemporary aspects of epidemiology, clinical manifestations and management of infection","volume":"8","author":"McMullan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fut Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Clinical Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/cid\/ciag091\/67008424\/ciag091.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/83\/4\/516\/67008424\/ciag091.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/83\/4\/516\/67008424\/ciag091.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T17:51:14Z","timestamp":1793209874000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article\/83\/4\/516\/8492725"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciag091","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-4838","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]}}}