{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T14:00:46Z","timestamp":1784815246825,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018684","name":"National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024ZD0529300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZD0529300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018684","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZD2021CY001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZD2021CY001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25SF1901200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25SF1901200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008750","name":"Shanghai Hospital Development Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008750","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014137","name":"SHDC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12024115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12024115"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014137","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Guangzhou National Laboratory","award":["GZNL2024A01030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GZNL2024A01030"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to evaluate the effect of intrathecal (IT) administration of antituberculosis agents on functional outcomes in patients with tuberculous meningitis (TBM) and to explore its potential as a strategy to overcome the blood\u2013brain barrier.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively analyzed TBM patients admitted between 2012 and 2023 at Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital and Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center. Clinical data were collected during hospitalization, and functional outcomes were assessed at 3\u20136 months after discharge using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to balance baseline characteristics between patients who received IT therapy and those who did not. Treatment effects were compared using the Mann\u2013Whitney U test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 533 patients with TBM were included. After PSM, 72 patients receiving IT therapy were compared with 121 matched controls. Intrathecal therapy was associated with significantly lower mRS scores at discharge compared with controls (P = .0012), suggesting that it may improve functional outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intrathecal administration of isoniazid and dexamethasone may improve functional prognosis in TBM patients. These findings highlight IT therapy as a promising approach to circumvent the blood\u2013brain barrier and warrant validation in multicenter randomized controlled trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciag106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T12:38:55Z","timestamp":1771072735000},"page":"e177-e184","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intrathecal Isoniazid and Dexamethasone Therapy May Improve Outcomes in Patients With Tuberculous Meningitis: A 2-Center Retrospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"83","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5117-5080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University , Shanghai ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, 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,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhentao","family":"Fei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University , Shanghai ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5646-2648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University , Shanghai ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Tuberculosis Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University , Shanghai ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University , Shanghai ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University , Shanghai ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqing","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tuberculosis, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital , Hangzhou, Zhejiang ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University , Shanghai ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meijun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University , Shanghai ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University , Shanghai ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuhui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University , Shanghai ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Tuberculosis Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University , Shanghai ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tuberculosis, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital , Hangzhou, Zhejiang ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University , Shanghai ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University , Shanghai ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Tuberculosis Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University , Shanghai ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026072309030408000_ciag106-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00435-X","article-title":"Tuberculous meningitis: progress and remaining questions","volume":"21","author":"Huynh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"2026072309030408000_ciag106-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-017-0796-0","article-title":"Tuberculous meningitis in children and adults: new insights for an ancient 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