{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T16:20:50Z","timestamp":1788366050745,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001797","name":"School of Population Health at Curtin University through a Perron People Fellowship","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001797","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The Kids Research Institute Australia"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100024253","name":"Western Australian\u2019s Future Health Research and Innovation Fund through WA Near-miss for Ideas Grant","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WANMAIdeas2025-25\/7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WANMAIdeas2025-25\/7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100024253","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Medical Research Future Fund of Australia","award":["2022\/MRF2019107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\/MRF2019107"]}]},{"name":"Medical Research Future Fund of Australia","award":["2024\/MRF2036125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024\/MRF2036125"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020265","name":"Stan Perron Charitable Foundation Fellowship","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["00018ResearchP&P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00018ResearchP&P"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Future Health Research and Innovation Fund through the WA Near-miss Awards program","award":["WANMAEL2024-25\/15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WANMAEL2024-25\/15"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009348","name":"BrightSpark Foundation Early Career Research Fellowship","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ECR 009-2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECR 009-2024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009348","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We examined the impact of maternal inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospitalizations in Western Australian infants aged \u22646 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a population-based cohort study of births from April 2012 to December 2020 using linked, longitudinal data on births, deaths, perinatal data, hospitalizations, antenatal immunization records, and respiratory pathogen laboratory testing, with follow-up to 31 December 2021. We performed Cox proportional hazards models with inverse probability treatment weighting. Mother's receipt of IIV was the exposure against the primary outcome, RSV-confirmed hospitalization in infants, adjusting for sociodemographic and perinatal factors and stratifying by vaccination trimester. Secondary outcomes included International Classification of Diseases\u2013coded pneumonia, bronchiolitis, and all-cause acute respiratory infection hospitalizations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The cohort comprised 288 059 infants. Overall, 87 277 mothers (30.3%) received a maternal IIV. There were 2707 RSV-confirmed hospitalizations in 2702 infants aged \u22646 months, the majority (69.7%) occurring in maternally unvaccinated infants. Exposure to maternal IIV was associated with an overall nonsignificant 10.0% reduction in RSV hospitalizations (weighted adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.90 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .80\u20131.01]) compared with maternally unvaccinated infants. However, by trimester, maternal IIV was most effective when administered in first (weighted aHR, 0.65 [95% CI, .50\u2013.85]) or second (weighted aHR, 0.75 [95% CI, .62\u2013.90]) trimesters. Maternal IIV was associated with a 35.0% and 25.0% reduced risk against RSV hospitalizations when administered in the first or second trimester, respectively. Similar findings were observed for secondary outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nonspecific effects should be included in the full public health evaluation of maternal IIV. These findings are important for policymakers and community to improve immunization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciag131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T12:34:10Z","timestamp":1771677250000},"page":"e404-e412","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Maternal Influenza Vaccine Reduces the Risk of Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Related Respiratory Hospitalizations in Early Infancy: An Epidemiological Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"83","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3279-6458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlie","family":"Holland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, The Kids Research Institute Australia, The University of Western Australia, Perth , Western Australia ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"School of Population Health, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4630-5734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huong","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, The Kids Research Institute Australia, The University of Western Australia, Perth , Western Australia ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"School of Population Health, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0934-2387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Avram","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PathWest Laboratory Medicine Department of Microbiology, , Perth, Western Australia ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4445-826X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cara","family":"Minney-Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PathWest Laboratory Medicine Department of Microbiology, , Perth, Western Australia ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2448-1588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohinder","family":"Sarna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, The Kids Research Institute Australia, The University of Western Australia, Perth , Western Australia ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"School of Population Health, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6434-8290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah C","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, The Kids Research Institute Australia, The University of Western Australia, Perth , Western Australia ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"School of Population Health, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090211575356900_ciag131-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00478-0","article-title":"Global, regional, and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in children younger than 5 years in 2019: a systematic 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