{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T16:20:56Z","timestamp":1788366056744,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer Inc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory illness (ARI) in older adults and those with comorbidities. Understanding disease burden could guide prevention efforts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed active surveillance for RSV among adults aged \u226550 years hospitalized with ARI and adults of any age hospitalized with congestive heart failure (CHF) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations from Georgia Health District 3 at 2 Atlanta hospitals during 2 respiratory seasons (2018\u20132019 and 2019\u20132020). All participants were tested for RSV using the BioFire Respiratory Panel (nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs); subsets also had serology and standard-of-care results. Annual population-based incidences of RSV-related hospitalizations were estimated by age strata and study group, adjusting for differences in sampling, diagnostic testing, and test sensitivity. Denominators for ARI incidence estimates were from the US Census. CHF and COPD denominators were limited to individuals with underlying CHF or COPD, respectively, as defined by NHANES data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 3090 eligible patients, 1558 were included; 757 (48.6%) had ARI, 490 (31.4%) CHF exacerbation, and 311 (20.0%) COPD exacerbation. Overall, 92 (5.9%) participants tested positive for RSV. Based on data from 2 seasons, annual population-based incidences among adults aged \u226550 years were 74 per 100 000 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 73, 77) for laboratory-confirmed RSV-related ARI hospitalizations alone, and 58% higher when including all laboratory-confirmed RSV-related hospitalizations (ARI and CHF\/COPD exacerbations): 117 per 100 000 (95% CI: 114, 123).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RSV was associated with a substantial burden of hospitalizations among adults aged \u226550 years, particularly when CHF and COPD exacerbations were included.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciag134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T12:34:11Z","timestamp":1771677251000},"page":"e416-e426","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Respiratory Syncytial Virus Hospitalizations in Adults \u226550 Years of Age and Those With Congestive Heart Failure or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations, 2018\u20132020"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"83","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1791-2677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashley","family":"Tippett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pragati V","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1287-5416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Begier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfizer, Inc , New York City, New York ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1056-9896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara S","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theda","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5454-5741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis W","family":"Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meg","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"Reese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabby","family":"Ess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Ciric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2453-8137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth Grace","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalel","family":"De Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samadhan","family":"Jadhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6466-6430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"HeYing","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui-Mien","family":"Hsiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shadwal","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wensheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Stephens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Hubler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfizer, Inc , New York City, New York ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfizer, Inc , New York City, New York ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Swerdlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfizer, Inc , New York City, New York ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradford D","family":"Gessner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfizer, Inc , New York City, New York ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonal","family":"Uppal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfizer, Inc , New York City, New York ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caihua","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfizer, Inc , New York City, New York ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Warren","family":"Kalina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfizer, Inc , New York City, New York ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1246-530X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Jodar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfizer, Inc , New York City, New York ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6829-0700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satoshi","family":"Kamidani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inci","family":"Yildirim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health , New Haven, Connecticut ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2512-7919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadine","family":"Rouphael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Hope Clinic, Emory University , Decatur, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4728-2909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristin N","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0652-6834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Larry J","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8439-0592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina A","family":"Rostad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evan J","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090211583534200_ciag134-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000001000","article-title":"The disease burden of respiratory syncytial virus in older adults","volume":"37","author":"Kenmoe","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026090211583534200_ciag134-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00478-0","article-title":"Global, regional, and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in children younger than 5 years in 2019: a systematic analysis","volume":"399","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026090211583534200_ciag134-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200510-1681OC","article-title":"Detection of respiratory syncytial virus in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"173","author":"Falsey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026090211583534200_ciag134-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043951","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus infection in elderly and high-risk adults","volume":"352","author":"Falsey","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026090211583534200_ciag134-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab595","article-title":"Incidence of respiratory syncytial virus infection among hospitalized adults, 2017\u20132020","volume":"74","author":"Branche","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026090211583534200_ciag134-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25285","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus-associated illness in adults with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and\/or congestive heart failure","volume":"91","author":"Falsey","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"2026090211583534200_ciag134-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy991","article-title":"Severe morbidity and mortality associated with respiratory syncytial virus versus influenza infection in hospitalized older adults","volume":"69","author":"Ackerson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026090211583534200_ciag134-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofad513","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad513","article-title":"Systematic literature review of risk factors for poor outcomes among adults with respiratory syncytial virus infection in high-income countries","volume":"10","author":"Njue","year":"2023","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026090211583534200_ciag134-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofac300","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac300","article-title":"Rates of medically attended RSV among US adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026090211583534200_ciag134-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1086\/380907","article-title":"Risk factors for severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in elderly persons","volume":"189","author":"Walsh","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026090211583534200_ciag134-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit832","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients: factors determining progression to lower respiratory tract disease","volume":"209","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026090211583534200_ciag134-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1086\/525263","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus infection in patients with hematological diseases: single-center study and review of the literature","volume":"46","author":"Khanna","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026090211583534200_ciag134-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2017.09.001","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization in middle-aged and older adults","volume":"96","author":"Malosh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"2026090211583534200_ciag134-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7240a2","article-title":"Disease severity of respiratory syncytial virus compared with COVID-19 and influenza among hospitalized adults aged \u226560 years\u2014IVY network, 20 U.S. States, February 2022\u2013May 2023","volume":"72","author":"Surie","year":"2023","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2026090211583534200_ciag134-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.13043","article-title":"Change in functional status associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection in hospitalized older adults","volume":"16","author":"Branche","year":"2022","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir Viruses"},{"key":"2026090211583534200_ciag134-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549211041545","article-title":"Severe clinical outcomes among adults hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus infections, New York City, 2017\u20132019","volume":"137","author":"Goldman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"2026090211583534200_ciag134-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S1386-6532(03)00002-7","article-title":"Lack of sensitivity of rapid antigen tests for the diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in adults","volume":"28","author":"Casiano-Colon","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"2026090211583534200_ciag134-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3738","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01816-15","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of rapid antigen detection tests for respiratory syncytial virus infection: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"53","author":"Chartrand","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2026090211583534200_ciag134-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1086\/338238","article-title":"Polymerase chain reaction is more sensitive than viral culture and antigen testing for the detection of respiratory viruses in adults with hematological cancer and pneumonia","volume":"34","author":"van Elden","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026090211583534200_ciag134-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiad012","article-title":"Underascertainment of respiratory syncytial virus infection in adults due to diagnostic testing limitations: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis","volume":"228","author":"Onwuchekwa","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026090211583534200_ciag134-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.3.817-820.2002","article-title":"Diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection: comparison of reverse transcription-PCR to viral culture and serology in adults with respiratory illness","volume":"40","author":"Falsey","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2026090211583534200_ciag134-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-023-00805-1","article-title":"Diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus in adults substantially increases when adding sputum, saliva, and serology testing to nasopharyngeal swab RT-PCR","volume":"12","author":"Ramirez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect Dis Ther"},{"key":"2026090211583534200_ciag134-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e126","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaf204","article-title":"Detection by nasopharyngeal swabs alone underestimates RSV-related hospitalization incidence in adults: the multispecimen study's final analysis","volume":"232","author":"Begier","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026090211583534200_ciag134-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S71","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab452","article-title":"World health organization influenza-like illness underestimates the burden of respiratory syncytial virus infection in community-dwelling older adults","volume":"226","author":"Korsten","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026090211583534200_ciag134-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-023-00758-5","article-title":"Low levels of RSV testing among adults hospitalized for lower respiratory tract infection in the United States","volume":"12","author":"Rozenbaum","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect Dis Ther"},{"key":"2026090211583534200_ciag134-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01701-16","article-title":"Serology enhances molecular diagnosis of respiratory virus infections other than influenza in children and adults hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"55","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2026090211583534200_ciag134-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002688","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02688-2020","article-title":"Burden of respiratory syncytial virus infection in community-dwelling older adults in Europe (RESCEU): an international prospective cohort study","volume":"57","author":"Korsten","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2026090211583534200_ciag134-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajt.2023.09.003","article-title":"Use of respiratory syncytial virus vaccines in older adults: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices\u2014United States, 2023","volume":"23","author":"Melgar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"2026090211583534200_ciag134-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7332e1","article-title":"Use of respiratory syncytial virus vaccines in adults aged \u226560 years: updated recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices\u2014United States, 2024","volume":"73","author":"Britton","year":"2024","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2026090211583534200_ciag134-B30","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"key":"2026090211583534200_ciag134-B31","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"key":"2026090211583534200_ciag134-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-3687-8_4","volume-title":"Human respiratory syncytial virus: methods and protocols","author":"Jadhao","year":"2016"},{"key":"2026090211583534200_ciag134-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiae346","article-title":"Relative contribution of diagnostic testing to the diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus in hospitalized adults in the United States","volume":"230","author":"Anderson","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026090211583534200_ciag134-B34","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"key":"2026090211583534200_ciag134-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofaf366","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaf366","article-title":"Viral etiologies of acute respiratory illness in older adults and of congestive heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations requiring hospitalization during 2 prepandemic respiratory seasons","volume":"12","author":"Choi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026090211583534200_ciag134-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e830","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaf056","article-title":"Ten-year surveillance of respiratory syncytial virus hospitalizations in adults: incidence rates and case definition implications","volume":"231","author":"Urchuegu\u00eda-Fornes","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026090211583534200_ciag134-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1080\/15412550902724024","article-title":"Recognizing the importance of respiratory syncytial virus in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"6","author":"Ramaswamy","year":"2009","journal-title":"COPD"},{"key":"2026090211583534200_ciag134-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.58.1.37","article-title":"Respiratory viruses in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease requiring hospitalisation: a case-control study","volume":"58","author":"Rohde","year":"2003","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2026090211583534200_ciag134-B39","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"key":"2026090211583534200_ciag134-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12258","article-title":"Estimates of mortality attributable to influenza and RSV in the United States during 1997\u20132009 by influenza type or subtype, age, cause of death, and risk status","volume":"8","author":"Matias","year":"2014","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir Viruses"},{"key":"2026090211583534200_ciag134-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofy316","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofy316","article-title":"Clinical features, severity, and incidence of RSV illness during 12 consecutive seasons in a community cohort of adults \u226560 years old","volume":"5","author":"Belongia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026090211583534200_ciag134-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13031","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.13031","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus disease burden in adults aged 60 years and older in high-income countries: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Savic","year":"2023","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir Viruses"},{"key":"2026090211583534200_ciag134-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2389.2003.51254.x","article-title":"Influenza- and respiratory syncytial virus-associated morbidity and mortality in the nursing home population","volume":"51","author":"Ellis","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2026090211583534200_ciag134-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70008","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.70008","article-title":"Burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection among adults in nursing and care homes: a systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Osei-Yeboah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir Viruses"},{"key":"2026090211583534200_ciag134-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s41479-022-00098-x","article-title":"Estimated incidence of respiratory hospitalizations attributable to RSV infections across age and socioeconomic groups","volume":"14","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pneumonia (Nathan)"},{"key":"2026090211583534200_ciag134-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S577","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz059","article-title":"Global disease burden estimates of respiratory syncytial virus-associated acute respiratory infection in older adults in 2015: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"222","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026090211583534200_ciag134-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.02.013","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus and associations with cardiovascular disease in adults","volume":"71","author":"Ivey","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026090211583534200_ciag134-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-024-00920-7","article-title":"Estimated respiratory syncytial virus-related hospitalizations and deaths among children and adults in Spain, 2016\u20132019","volume":"13","author":"Haeberer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Infect Dis Ther"},{"key":"2026090211583534200_ciag134-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-024-00951-0","article-title":"Estimated incidence of hospitalizations and deaths attributable to respiratory syncytial virus infections among adults in Germany between 2015 and 2019","volume":"13","author":"Polkowska-Kramek","year":"2024","journal-title":"Infect Dis Ther"}],"container-title":["Clinical Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/cid\/ciag134\/67090502\/ciag134.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/83\/2\/e416\/67090502\/ciag134.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/83\/2\/e416\/67090502\/ciag134.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T15:58:48Z","timestamp":1788364728000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article\/83\/2\/e416\/8495927"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciag134","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-4838","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]}}}