{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T16:21:02Z","timestamp":1788366062840,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Vanderbilt Center for Learning Healthcare"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5UL1 TR002243"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5UL1 TR002243"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fear of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as a cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) frequently leads to empiric vancomycin coverage. Data evaluating the use of MRSA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) nasal swab testing to guide vancomycin de-escalation is limited for patients in the intensive care unit (ICU).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Swab Testing to Optimize Pneumonia Treatment With Empiric Vancomycin (STOP-Vanc) is a pragmatic, prospective, single-center, non-blinded randomized trial in which adult ICU patients with suspicion of CAP were randomized 1:1 to receive usual care either with (intervention) or without (control) the addition of MRSA nares PCR testing following ICU admission. The primary outcome was vancomycin-free hours alive, defined as the expected number of hours alive and free of vancomycin use within the first 7 days of trial enrollment as estimated using a longitudinal proportional odds state transition model adjusted for baseline covariates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 277 adult ICU patients were randomized. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus PCR nasal swab testing had a negative predictive value (NPV) of 98.9% in the intervention arm. The primary endpoint, vancomycin-free hours alive, was 105.7 in the control arm and 109.7 in the intervention arm (adjusted difference, 4 hours; 95% CI, \u22129.5\u201318.2; P = .458).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite MRSA PCR nasal swab testing demonstrating a high NPV in this critically ill population, MRSA PCR nasal swab testing did not decrease the duration of vancomycin use or 30-day mortality among ICU patients with suspected CAP. Additional clinician education and antimicrobial stewardship interventions might be needed to reduce vancomycin use in this patient population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Trials Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06272994 (STOP-Vanc).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciag295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T12:23:07Z","timestamp":1777638187000},"page":"e260-e269","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Swab Testing to Optimize Pneumonia Treatment With Empiric Vancomycin: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"83","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5788-1481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey A","family":"Freiberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"United States Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1092-3533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward T","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0655-2901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kylie G","family":"Nairon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical & Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8165-5743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin J","family":"Ereshefsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Services, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9815-6779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cassandra","family":"Hennessy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5356-4196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grace","family":"Van Winkle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical & Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9555-6337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ariel A","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical & Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8984-1249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joy M","family":"Justice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin K","family":"Siemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical & Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6792-1646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna L","family":"Stollings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Services, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2437-9142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taylor M","family":"Rali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Intensive Care Unit, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8271-5493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank E","family":"Harrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1915-4918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheryl L","family":"Gatto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical & Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2701-1917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George E","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7136-5408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Todd W","family":"Rice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical & Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the Vanderbilt Center for Learning Healthcare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon R","family":"Bernard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert S","family":"Dittus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J","family":"Embi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chad","family":"Fitzgerald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert E","family":"Freundlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheryl L","family":"Gatto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Frank E","family":"Harrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul A","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tina","family":"Hartert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine H","family":"Ivory","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Kleinpell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunil","family":"Kripalani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee Ann","family":"Liska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Luther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay","family":"Morrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill M","family":"Pulley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward T","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kris","family":"Rehm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd W","family":"Rice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell L","family":"Rothman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patti","family":"Runyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wesley H","family":"Self","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew W","family":"Semler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Steaban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Cosby A","family":"Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip D","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Consuelo H","family":"Wilkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Autumn D","family":"Zuckerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090211590490300_ciag295-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix647","article-title":"Adults hospitalized with pneumonia in the United States: incidence, epidemiology, and mortality","volume":"65","author":"Ramirez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026090211590490300_ciag295-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028019877937","article-title":"Time to first culture positivity among critically ill adults with methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus growth in respiratory or blood cultures","volume":"54","author":"Melling","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"2026090211590490300_ciag295-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2017.98","article-title":"Variation in empiric coverage versus detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in hospitalizations for community-onset pneumonia across 128 US veterans affairs medical centers","volume":"38","author":"Jones","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026090211590490300_ciag295-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw300","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus community-acquired pneumonia: prevalence, clinical characteristics, and outcomes","volume":"63","author":"Self","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026090211590490300_ciag295-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis022","article-title":"Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus as an etiology of community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"54","author":"Moran","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026090211590490300_ciag295-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e45","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201908-1581ST","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of adults with community-acquired pneumonia. An official clinical practice guideline of the American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"200","author":"Metlay","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026090211590490300_ciag295-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2019.7495","article-title":"Empirical anti-MRSA vs standard antibiotic therapy and risk of 30-day mortality in patients hospitalized for pneumonia","volume":"180","author":"Jones","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"2026090211590490300_ciag295-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.13066","article-title":"Vancomycin dosing, monitoring and toxicity: critical review of the clinical practice","volume":"46","author":"Zamoner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol"},{"key":"2026090211590490300_ciag295-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.12.013","article-title":"Incidence of nephrotoxicity and association with vancomycin use in intensive care unit patients with pneumonia: retrospective analysis of the IMPACT-HAP database","volume":"34","author":"Cano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"2026090211590490300_ciag295-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dky075","article-title":"Duration of exposure to multiple antibiotics is associated with increased risk of VRE bacteraemia: a nested case-control study","volume":"73","author":"Gouliouris","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2026090211590490300_ciag295-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.2188","article-title":"Clinical utility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal screening for antimicrobial stewardship: a review of current literature","volume":"38","author":"Carr","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"2026090211590490300_ciag295-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy024","article-title":"The clinical utility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal screening to rule out MRSA pneumonia: a diagnostic meta-analysis with antimicrobial stewardship implications","volume":"67","author":"Parente","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026090211590490300_ciag295-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028018823027","article-title":"Systematic review of the clinical utility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal screening for MRSA pneumonia","volume":"53","author":"Smith","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"2026090211590490300_ciag295-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5578","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.12.5578-5581.2004","article-title":"Detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus directly from nasal swab specimens by a real-time PCR assay","volume":"42","author":"Warren","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2026090211590490300_ciag295-B15","first-page":"e217","article-title":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal screening with polymerase chain reaction for early de-escalation of empiric vancomycin in the treatment of suspected\/confirmed respiratory infection in critically ill patients","volume":"32","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Ther"},{"key":"2026090211590490300_ciag295-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofab578","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab578","article-title":"Prospective nasal screening for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in critically ill patients with suspected pneumonia","volume":"9","author":"Raush","year":"2022","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026090211590490300_ciag295-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2236","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/zxab296","article-title":"Effect of rapid methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal polymerase chain reaction screening on vancomycin use in the intensive care unit","volume":"78","author":"Diep","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm"},{"key":"2026090211590490300_ciag295-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-018-0647-3","article-title":"Evaluation of a pharmacy-driven methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus surveillance protocol in pneumonia","volume":"40","author":"Dunaway","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharm"},{"key":"2026090211590490300_ciag295-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp160964","article-title":"Impact of a pharmacist-driven methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus surveillance protocol","volume":"74","author":"Willis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm"},{"key":"2026090211590490300_ciag295-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e216","DOI":"10.1017\/ash.2024.443","article-title":"Impact of stewardship pharmacist driven MRSA nasal surveillance and de-escalation of anti-MRSA therapy (STEW PHARM MRSA NASAL SURVEILLANCE)","volume":"4","author":"Dillon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026090211590490300_ciag295-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e56","DOI":"10.1017\/ash.2024.43","article-title":"Impact of a pharmacy-driven MRSA nares screening protocol on vancomycin discontinuation in a tele-antimicrobial stewardship model","volume":"4","author":"Trzebucki","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026090211590490300_ciag295-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1177\/10600280221121144","article-title":"Pharmacist-driven methicillin-resistant S. aureus polymerase chain reaction testing for pneumonia","volume":"57","author":"Marinucci","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"2026090211590490300_ciag295-B23","first-page":"e6378","article-title":"Impact of a pharmacist-driven methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus polymerase chain reaction nasal swab protocol on the De-escalation of empiric vancomycin in patients with pneumonia in a rural healthcare setting","volume":"11","author":"Dadzie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2026090211590490300_ciag295-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02432","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02432-16","article-title":"Nasal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) PCR testing reduces the duration of MRSA-targeted therapy in patients with suspected MRSA pneumonia","volume":"61","author":"Baby","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026090211590490300_ciag295-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-025-01615-5","article-title":"Rapid and actionable nasal-swab screening supports antimicrobial stewardship in patients with pneumonia: a prospective study","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"2026090211590490300_ciag295-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-024-08705-6","article-title":"Swab Testing to Optimize Pneumonia treatment with empiric Vancomycin (STOP-Vanc): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"25","author":"Freiberg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"2026090211590490300_ciag295-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3539","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.10133","article-title":"Bayesian transition models for ordinal longitudinal outcomes","volume":"43","author":"Rohde","year":"2024","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"2026090211590490300_ciag295-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e240","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciag183","article-title":"Evaluation of the impact of universal mupirocin decolonization in intensive care units on the utility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus PCR nasal swab testing","volume":"83","author":"Ito","year":"2026","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Clinical Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/cid\/ciag295\/68447188\/ciag295.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/83\/2\/e260\/68447188\/ciag295.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/83\/2\/e260\/68447188\/ciag295.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T15:59:09Z","timestamp":1788364749000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article\/83\/2\/e260\/8699696"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciag295","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-4838","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]]}}}