{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T07:01:01Z","timestamp":1785222061581,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004417","name":"Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004417","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI146095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI146095"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted a prospective cohort study of adults with pulmonary multidrug or rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR\/RR-TB) in Kazakhstan treated with one of 3 all-oral, 5-drug regimens. Individuals were followed microbiologically and clinically for up to 12 months post-treatment. Of 578 with favorable end-of-treatment outcomes, we observed only one incident case of recurrent TB (0.2%, 95% CI: 0.0\u20131.0%), suggesting excellent regimen durability under programmatic conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciag391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T15:19:05Z","timestamp":1782919145000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Low Post-treatment Recurrence After a Shortened All-Oral Regimen for Pulmonary Rifampicin- or Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Individuals Without Prior Second-Line Drug Exposure in Kazakhstan"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0211-5753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edmund Qian-Long","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yerkebulan","family":"Algozhin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partners In Health Kazakhstan , Almaty ,","place":["Kazakhstan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9814-0563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Letizia","family":"Trevisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School. Boston , Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8415-133X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allison","family":"LaHood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School. Boston , Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Algozhina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partners In Health Kazakhstan , Almaty ,","place":["Kazakhstan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nataliya","family":"Arlyapova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partners In Health , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwonjune Justin","family":"Seung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partners In Health , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Division of Global Health Equity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital . Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carole D","family":"Mitnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School. Boston , Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Partners In Health , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4333-4695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael L","family":"Rich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partners In Health , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Division of Global Health Equity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital . Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4890-5728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Molly F","family":"Franke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School. Boston , Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makhmujan","family":"Rashitov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partners In Health Kazakhstan , Almaty ,","place":["Kazakhstan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026072802363304200_ciag391-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00228-7","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of modified fully oral 9-month treatment regimens for rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis: a prospective cohort study","volume":"24","author":"Korotych","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026072802363304200_ciag391-B2"},{"key":"2026072802363304200_ciag391-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2024.100426","article-title":"Relapse after treatment with standardized all-oral short regimens for rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB): a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Reza Yosofi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis"},{"key":"2026072802363304200_ciag391-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2400327","article-title":"Oral regimens for rifampin-resistant, fluoroquinolone-susceptible Tuberculosis","volume":"392","author":"Guglielmetti","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026072802363304200_ciag391-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae305","article-title":"Safety and effectiveness of 3 novel all-oral shortened regimens for rifampicin- or multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis in Kazakhstan","volume":"79","author":"Rashitov","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026072802363304200_ciag391-B6","author":"World Health 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