{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T08:00:38Z","timestamp":1785225638966,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783296000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007313","name":"The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30CA16672"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30CA16672"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007313","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012264","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012264","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"MD Anderson Flow Cytometry and Cellular Imaging Core Facility"},{"name":"CyTOF"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a fatal demyelinating disease caused by JC polyomavirus that affects immunosuppressed individuals and has no approved therapy. Here, we evaluate the safety and efficacy of third-party, off-the-shelf, partially HLA-matched BK virus-specific T cells (BK-VST) in patients with PML.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a single-center phase 2 study (including 3 patients treated under compassionate or emergency, INDs); 37 patients received most closely HLA-matched BK-VST at a median dose of 2.0 \u00d7 105 T cells\/kg, with additional infusions permitted for subjects who did not achieve a complete response (CR). Twenty-three patients had an underlying diagnosis of hematologic malignancy. Each patient received a median of 2 doses (range, 1\u201312; IQR 2). Overall response (OR) was defined as virologic response with neurologic stabilization or improvement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During 12 months of follow-up, 21 patients (56.8%) achieved an OR, including 16 (43.2%) with a CR or CR with neurologic sequelae (CRnesq). Responses were rapid (median 23 days) and durable, with no loss of response observed despite limited HLA matching. The 1-year overall survival was 61.1% (95% CI, 41.9\u201377.4). Patients achieving an OR after the first infusion had markedly improved 1-year survival compared with nonresponders (93.3% vs 0%; P &amp;lt; .001). Greater HLA matching correlated with clinical benefit.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These data demonstrate that third-party BK-VST infusions are safe and potentially effective, supporting a scalable immunotherapeutic approach for this otherwise fatal disease.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical Trials Registration. NCT02479698.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciag404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T01:50:15Z","timestamp":1783302615000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Treatment of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy With Third-Party Allogeneic BK Virus T Cells"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Amanda","family":"Olson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, Texas ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, Texas ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Institute for Cell Therapy Discovery and Innovation, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, Texas ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Marin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, Texas ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7293-529X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter F","family":"Thall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, Texas ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland L","family":"Bassett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, Texas 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