{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T10:46:27Z","timestamp":1785926787982,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783728000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The impact of long-term tenofovir-containing antiretroviral therapy (ART) on hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance in people with HIV-1 (PWH) and HBV coinfection remains under-defined, particularly in HBV-hyperendemic regions with universal neonatal vaccination programs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HBsAg-positive PWH receiving tenofovir-containing ART between 2011 and 2023 were followed until December 2025. Demographics, HBV serologic markers, plasma HBV DNA, and liver fibrosis stage were collected. Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify factors associated with HBsAg seroclearance. Clinical and hepatic outcomes were compared with seroclearance status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After a median follow-up of 9.4 years, 35 (8.4%) of 415 PWH achieved HBsAg seroclearance during a total of 3600 person-years of tenofovir-containing ART, corresponding to an incidence rate of 0.97 per 100 person-years. Among them, 37.1% (13\/35) tested positive for anti-HBs at the time of seroclearance. In multivariable analysis, birth in universal neonatal HBV vaccination era (after July 1986) (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 13.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.08\u201330.28, P &amp;lt; .001), baseline HBsAg \u2264250\u2005IU\/mL (aHR 7.36, 95% CI 3.29\u201316.50, P &amp;lt; .001), and higher baseline ALT level (aHR 1.00 per 1-U\/L increase, 95% CI 1.00\u20131.01, P &amp;lt; .001) were independently associated with HBsAg seroclearance. None of PWH who achieved HBsAg seroclearance developed seroreversion, cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), whereas 6.6% and 2.1% of PWH without seroclearance developed cirrhosis and HCC, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite long-term tenofovir-containing ART, HBsAg seroclearance was uncommon (0.97% annually) among PWH with HBV coinfection. Birth in the neonatal HBV vaccination era and lower baseline HBsAg level were 2 independent predictors of HBsAg seroclearance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciag429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T12:00:34Z","timestamp":1783598434000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Birth in the Neonatal HBV Vaccination Era and Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Seroclearance in People With HIV-1 and HBV Coinfection on Tenofovir-containing Antiretroviral Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9047-5709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Shan","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine , Taipei ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0074-7721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsin-Yun","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine , Taipei ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6877-5345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuan-Yin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine , Taipei ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1858-6367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung-Hsi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch , Hsinchu ,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine , Taipei ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5658-0265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi-Chia","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine , Taipei ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wang-Da","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine , Taipei ,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Cancer Center , Taipei ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1310-4648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guan-Jhou","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine , Taipei ,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Infection Control Room, Min-Sheng General Hospital , Taoyuan ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai-Hsiang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch , Hsinchu ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Hsin","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine , Taipei ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Ching","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine , Taipei ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Chun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine , Taipei ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sui-Yuan","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine , Taipei ,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan 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