{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T04:40:43Z","timestamp":1793335243368,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) viruses predominated during the 2024\u20132025 US influenza season. We estimated influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) in the United States against mild-to-moderate outpatient influenza illness by influenza type and subtype in the 2024\u20132025 season.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n We enrolled outpatients aged \u22658 months with acute respiratory illness symptoms including cough from outpatient health clinics, urgent care clinics, and emergency departments in 7 states. Upper respiratory specimens were tested for influenza type\/subtype by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Influenza VE was estimated with a test-negative design comparing odds of testing positive for influenza among vaccinated versus unvaccinated participants controlling for age, study site, underlying health status, and month of illness onset. We also estimated VE of current season vaccination among adults stratified by prior season vaccination status.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Among 6793 enrolled patients, 2016 (30%) tested positive for influenza including 961 A(H3N2), 770 A(H1N1)pdm09, and 183 B\/Victoria. Overall VE against any influenza illness was 33% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 24 to 41): 27% (95% CI: 14 to 39) against influenza A(H3N2), 37% (95% CI: 24 to 48) against A(H1N1)pdm09, and 40% (95% CI: 12 to 59) against B\/Victoria. We did not detect statistically significant interaction between current and prior season vaccination.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Influenza vaccination during the 2024\u20132025 season protected against circulating influenza viruses, reducing the risk of outpatient medically attended influenza overall by approximately one-third among people who were vaccinated.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciag437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T11:50:49Z","timestamp":1783684249000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Against Outpatient Acute Respiratory Illness With Laboratory-confirmed Influenza, United States, 2024\u20132025 Season"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5205-966X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessie R","family":"Chung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1480-2843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashley M","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stacey L","family":"House","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie","family":"Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7945-0327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen J","family":"Wernli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Health System Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. 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