{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T18:33:24Z","timestamp":1793212404787,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012264","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012264","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AI057786"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AI057786"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U19AI076217"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19AI076217"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U19AI109755"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19AI109755"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Center for Excellence in Translational Research","award":["U19AI111224"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19AI111224"]}]},{"name":"Tuberculosis Research Unit"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tuberculosis (TB) causes major morbidity and mortality among children worldwide. Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) protects against progression to TB disease, but its effect on preventing new TB infection remains uncertain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a longitudinal cohort study in Lima, Peru, enrolling adults with microbiologically confirmed pulmonary TB and their household contacts (HHCs). We assessed HHCs at baseline and 6 months for TB infection using tuberculin skin testing (TST) and for TB disease through clinical evaluation. We assessed 2 outcomes in relation to IPT initiation: TB infection among HHCs under 5 years of age, indicated by an increase in TST induration of \u22656 mm from baseline to 6 months, and progression to TB disease among HHCs of all ages, diagnosed between 15 days and 12 months after enrollment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 666 under-5-year-olds included assessed for TST conversion, 361 (54.2%) had initiated IPT. Overall, 103 (15.5%) converted at 6 months; IPT initiation was not associated with conversion (adjusted OR 1.01; 95% CI, .64\u20131.59). Index participant cavitary disease was associated with an increased risk of conversion. In contrast, IPT initiation was associated with reduced risk of progression to TB disease among 14 032 HHCs of all ages (adjusted HR 0.45; 95% CI, .32\u2013.64) with more pronounced efficacy among under-5 seconds (adjusted HR 0.19; 95% CI, .10\u2013.36).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Isoniazid preventive therapy was not associated with reduced TST conversion among children under 5 years, but it was strongly associated with reduced progression to TB disease among HHCs of all ages.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciag483","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T11:20:41Z","timestamp":1786706441000},"page":"606-613","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Impact of Isoniazid Preventive Therapy on Tuberculosis Infection and Disease Progression"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"83","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5374-3906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar E","family":"Zazueta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mercedes C","family":"Becerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerome T","family":"Galea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, University of South Florida , Tampa, Florida ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger I","family":"Calderon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de San Mart\u00edn de Porres , Lima ,","place":["Peru"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Contreras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Socios En Salud , Lima ,","place":["Peru"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuan-Chin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7633-8401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judith","family":"Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Socios En Salud , Lima ,","place":["Peru"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1363-3985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonid W","family":"Lecca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Socios En Salud , Lima ,","place":["Peru"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa M","family":"Yataco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Socios En Salud , Lima ,","place":["Peru"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zibiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0443-1986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan B","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026102813452926800_ciag483-B1","volume-title":"Global tuberculosis report 2025","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2025"},{"key":"2026102813452926800_ciag483-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1008049","article-title":"Tuberculosis in children","volume":"367","author":"Perez-Velez","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026102813452926800_ciag483-B3","volume-title":"Latent tuberculosis infection: updated and consolidated guidelines for programmatic management","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2018"},{"key":"2026102813452926800_ciag483-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00070812","article-title":"Contact investigation for tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"Fox","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2026102813452926800_ciag483-B5","first-page":"847","article-title":"How much isoniazid is needed for prevention of tuberculosis among immunocompetent adults?","volume":"3","author":"Comstock","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"2026102813452926800_ciag483-B6","first-page":"555","article-title":"Efficacy of various durations of isoniazid preventive therapy for tuberculosis: five years of follow-up in the IUAT trial","volume":"60","author":"International Union Against Tuberculosis Committee on Prophylaxis","year":"1982","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"2026102813452926800_ciag483-B7","first-page":"CD001363","article-title":"Isoniazid for preventing tuberculosis in non-HIV infected persons","volume":"2","author":"Smieja","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2026102813452926800_ciag483-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.7326\/M17-0609","article-title":"Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection: an updated network meta-analysis","volume":"167","author":"Zenner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026102813452926800_ciag483-B9","volume-title":"Norma t\u00e9cnica de salud para el control de la Tuberculosis. resoluci\u00f3n ministerial n\u00b0 399-2006\/MINSA","author":"Ministerio de Salud del Per\u00fa","year":"2006"},{"key":"2026102813452926800_ciag483-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e337","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa827","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of isoniazid to prevent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in Kenyan human immunodeficiency virus-exposed uninfected infants","volume":"73","author":"LaCourse","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026102813452926800_ciag483-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1011214","article-title":"P1041 study team. Primary isoniazid prophylaxis against tuberculosis in HIV-exposed children","volume":"365","author":"Madhi","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026102813452926800_ciag483-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e96613","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0096613","article-title":"Tuberculin skin test reversion following isoniazid preventive therapy reflects diversity of immune response to primary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection","volume":"9","author":"Johnson","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026102813452926800_ciag483-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"l5894","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l5894","article-title":"Transmissibility and potential for disease progression of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis: prospective cohort study","volume":"367","author":"Becerra","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2026102813452926800_ciag483-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.5588\/pha.12.0092","article-title":"Rapid home-based HIV testing to reduce costs in a large tuberculosis cohort study","volume":"3","author":"Galea","year":"2013","journal-title":"Public Health Action"},{"key":"2026102813452926800_ciag483-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0146642","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0146642","article-title":"Acquired and transmitted multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: the role of social determinants","volume":"11","author":"Odone","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026102813452926800_ciag483-B16","volume-title":"WHO child growth standards: length\/height-for-age, weight-for-age, weight-for-length, weight-for-height and body mass index-for-age: methods and development","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2006"},{"key":"2026102813452926800_ciag483-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.1.9801120","article-title":"Interpretation of repeated tuberculin tests: boosting, conversion, and reversion","volume":"159","author":"Menzies","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026102813452926800_ciag483-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2021.11.008","article-title":"Tuberculosis in children","volume":"36","author":"Jaganath","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"2026102813452926800_ciag483-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/73.1.13","article-title":"Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models","volume":"73","author":"Liang","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"2026102813452926800_ciag483-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1989.10478874","article-title":"The robust inference for the cox proportional hazards model","volume":"84","author":"Lin","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"2026102813452926800_ciag483-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.1267","article-title":"Why test for proportional hazards?","volume":"323","author":"Stensrud","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026102813452926800_ciag483-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201310-1896OC","article-title":"Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin and isoniazid preventive therapy protect contacts of patients with tuberculosis","volume":"189","author":"Zelner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026102813452926800_ciag483-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201908-1576OC","article-title":"Isoniazid preventive therapy in contacts of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis","volume":"202","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"}],"container-title":["Clinical Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/cid\/ciag483\/70660218\/ciag483.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/83\/4\/606\/70660218\/ciag483.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/83\/4\/606\/70660218\/ciag483.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T17:45:37Z","timestamp":1793209537000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article\/83\/4\/606\/8762113"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciag483","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-4838","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]}}}