{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T02:45:14Z","timestamp":1791773114482,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","funder":[{"name":"Emerging Infections Program Network"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using Enhanced Pertussis Surveillance (EPS) data, we evaluated how the 2020 Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) pertussis case definition change impacted the number of cases reported to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS) as reported pertussis increased in 2024 to above pre-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic levels in the United States.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We compared how EPS cases with cough onset during 1\/1\/2021\u201312\/31\/2024 would have been classified under both the 2014 and 2020 case definitions. To assess the impact of the case definition change, the proportion of EPS cases newly reportable under the 2020 case definition was applied to 2021\u20132024 NNDSS data to estimate how many additional cases were captured.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The proportion of newly reportable cases was 8.6% (10\/116) in 2021, 14.1% (28\/199) in 2022, 23.6% (79\/335) in 2023, and 38.0% (1903\/5006) in 2024. Using preliminary 2024 NNDSS data, we estimated 16 462\/43 321 (38.0%) cases would not have met the 2014 case definition. Between 2019 and preliminary 2024 data, the observed increase in reported NNDSS pertussis cases was 133%. If the case definition had not changed in 2020, the projected increase would have been 44%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A large increase in reported pertussis cases was observed in 2024; however, it is important to understand the impact of case definition changes to accurately interpret trends in disease incidence over time. The magnitude of the increase was influenced by the CSTE case definition change, which resulted in an estimated 38.0% increase in reported cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciag515","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T11:51:13Z","timestamp":1787226673000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Updated Assessment of the Impact of the Modified Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists Case Definition for Pertussis on Reported Pertussis"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0472-6314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy B","family":"Rubis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1775-5106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin","family":"Youngkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment , Denver, Colorado ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5465-3765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Firmender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Connecticut Department of Public Health , Hartford, Connecticut ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0566-7695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Argueta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Department of Public Health , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minnesota Department of Public Health , St. Paul, Minnesota ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Stanislawski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Mexico Department of Health , Santa Fe, New Mexico ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"McGuire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York State Department of Public Health , Albany, New York ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juventila","family":"Liko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon Health Authority , Portland, Oregon ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4436-2236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle M","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026101122162023900_ciag515-B1","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"key":"2026101122162023900_ciag515-B2","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services. National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System.","year":"2026"},{"key":"2026101122162023900_ciag515-B3","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"key":"2026101122162023900_ciag515-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae207","article-title":"Assessing the impact of the 2020 council of state and territorial epidemiologists case definition for pertussis on reported Pertussis cases","volume":"78","author":"Rubis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026101122162023900_ciag515-B5","author":"CSTE"},{"key":"2026101122162023900_ciag515-B6","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"key":"2026101122162023900_ciag515-B7","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"key":"2026101122162023900_ciag515-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e601","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaf141","article-title":"Trends in commercial laboratory testing and positivity for Bordetella species in the United States, 2019 through 2023","volume":"232","author":"Isenhour","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026101122162023900_ciag515-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz531","article-title":"Asymptomatic infection and transmission of Pertussis in households: a systematic review","volume":"70","author":"Craig","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026101122162023900_ciag515-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piad104","article-title":"Evaluation of asymptomatic Bordetella carriage in a convenience sample of children and adolescents in Atlanta, Georgia, United States","volume":"13","author":"Acosta","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc"}],"container-title":["Clinical Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/cid\/ciag515\/70760008\/ciag515.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/cid\/ciag515\/70760008\/ciag515.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T02:16:30Z","timestamp":1791771390000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/cid\/ciag515\/8767969"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]]},"references-count":10,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciag515","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-4838","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]]},"article-number":"ciag515"}}