{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T07:04:19Z","timestamp":1791097459600,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis841","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,6]],"date-time":"2012-10-06T02:17:03Z","timestamp":1349489823000},"page":"74-81","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Environmental Risk Factors for Pneumocystis Pneumonia Hospitalizations in HIV Patients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Kpandja","family":"Djawe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Levin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Swartzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Fong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenna","family":"Roth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anuradha","family":"Subramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Grieco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leah","family":"Jarlsberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert F.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter D.","family":"Walzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170623051823_CIS841C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32833a3967","article-title":"AIDS-defining opportunistic illnesses in US patients, 1994\u20132007: a cohort study","volume":"24","author":"Buchacz","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170623051823_CIS841C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1010.030985","article-title":"Current epidemiology of Pneumocystis pneumonia","volume":"10","author":"Morris","year":"2004","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170623051823_CIS841C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3773","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01712-09","article-title":"Airway obstruction is increased in Pneumocystis-colonized human immunodeficiency virus-infected outpatients","volume":"47","author":"Morris","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170623051823_CIS841C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.2.9912058","article-title":"Permanent declines in pulmonary function following pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons. The Pulmonary Complications of HIV Infection Study Group","volume":"162","author":"Morris","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170623051823_CIS841C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis217","article-title":"Outbreaks of Pneumocystis pneumonia in 2 renal transplant centers linked to a single strain of pneumocystis: implications for transmission and virulence","volume":"54","author":"Sassi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170623051823_CIS841C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.5.2002065","article-title":"Geographic distribution of human immunodeficiency virus-associated Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in San Francisco","volume":"162","author":"Morris","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170623051823_CIS841C7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.5.9707101","article-title":"Geographic clustering of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with HIV infection","volume":"162","author":"Dohn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170623051823_CIS841C8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1086\/315196","article-title":"Risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"18","author":"Navin","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170623051823_CIS841C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2005.03.004","article-title":"Competitive coexistence of two Pneumocystis species","volume":"6","author":"Icenhour","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170623051823_CIS841C10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2006.01641.x","article-title":"Climate and genotypes of Pneumocystis jirovecii","volume":"13","author":"Miller","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170623051823_CIS841C11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/144.4.756","article-title":"Epidemiologic patterns of upper respiratory illness and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in homosexual men","volume":"144","author":"Hoover","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170623051823_CIS841C12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1136\/pmj.79.929.164","article-title":"Prospective cohort study showing changes in the monthly incidence of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia","volume":"79","author":"Lubis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170623051823_CIS841C13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2009.02804.x","article-title":"Seasonal variation of Pneumocystis jirovecii infection: analysis of underlying climatic factors","volume":"15","author":"Sing","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170623051823_CIS841C14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)90650-R","article-title":"Seasonal variation in presentation of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia","volume":"339","author":"Miller","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170623051823_CIS841C15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-80-1-83","article-title":"Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the United States: epidemiologic, diagnostic, and clinical features","volume":"80","author":"Walzer","year":"1974","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170623051823_CIS841C16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2004.00937.x","article-title":"Climatic factors and Pneumocystis jiroveci infection in southern Spain","volume":"10","author":"Varela","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170623051823_CIS841C17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2003.20720.x","article-title":"Predictors of early hospital readmission in HIV-infected patients with pneumonia","volume":"18","author":"Palepu","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170623051823_CIS841C18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1086\/526778","article-title":"Early predictors of mortality from Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in HIV-infected patients: 1985\u20132006","volume":"46","author":"Walzer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170623051823_CIS841C19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.01.00005501","article-title":"Air pollution and hospital admissions for respiratory conditions in Rome, Italy","volume":"17","author":"Fusco","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170623051823_CIS841C20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116081","article-title":"Effects of urban air pollution on emergency room admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"134","author":"Sunyer","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170623051823_CIS841C21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.00108427","article-title":"Air pollution and daily hospital admissions in metropolitan Los Angeles","volume":"108","author":"Linn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170623051823_CIS841C22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2007.06.012","article-title":"Human health effects of air pollution","volume":"151","author":"Kampa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170623051823_CIS841C23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200901-0160OC","article-title":"Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and risk of hospitalization with community-acquired pneumonia in older adults","volume":"181","author":"Neupane","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170623051823_CIS841C24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.50.9.948","article-title":"Hospital admission rates for asthma and respiratory disease in the West Midlands: their relationship to air pollution levels","volume":"50","author":"Walters","year":"1995","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170623051823_CIS841C25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-89102002000100014","article-title":"[Air pollution and emergency room visits due to pneumonia and influenza in Sao Paulo, Brazil]","volume":"36","author":"Martins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev Saude Publica"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170623051823_CIS841C26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2005.039834","article-title":"Air pollution and emergency admissions in Boston, MA","volume":"60","author":"Zanobetti","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170623051823_CIS841C27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0901485","article-title":"Case-crossover analysis of air pollution health effects: a systematic review of methodology and application","volume":"118","author":"Carracedo-Martinez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170623051823_CIS841C28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwj078","article-title":"The effect of ozone and PM10 on hospital admissions for pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a national multicity study","volume":"163","author":"Medina-Ramon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170623051823_CIS841C29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115853","article-title":"The case-crossover design: a method for studying transient effects on the risk of acute events","volume":"133","author":"Maclure","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170623051823_CIS841C30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(05)70467-3","article-title":"AIDS and the lung","volume":"80","author":"Huang","year":"1996","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170623051823_CIS841C31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540903051633","article-title":"Severity and outcomes of Pneumocystis pneumonia in patients newly diagnosed with HIV infection: an observational cohort study","volume":"41","author":"Fei","year":"2009","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170623051823_CIS841C32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-100-5-663","article-title":"Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a comparison between patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and patients with other immunodeficiencies","volume":"100","author":"Kovacs","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170623051823_CIS841C33","author":"Weather Warehouse"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170623051823_CIS841C34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6673-1-12","article-title":"Analysis of airway secretions in a model of sulfur dioxide induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)","volume":"1","author":"Wagner","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Occup Med Toxicol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170623051823_CIS841C35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e31803b900f","article-title":"Outdoor air pollution: nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide health effects","volume":"333","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170623051823_CIS841C36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02576834","article-title":"Chemotactic response of human alveolar macrophages and blood monocytes elicited by exposure to sulfur dioxide","volume":"196","author":"Knorst","year":"1996","journal-title":"Res Exp Med (Berl)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170623051823_CIS841C37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1996.9936009","article-title":"Effect of sulfur dioxide on cytokine production of human alveolar macrophages in vitro","volume":"51","author":"Knorst","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170623051823_CIS841C38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00013-12","article-title":"Colonization by Pneumocystis jirovecii and its role in disease","volume":"25","author":"Morris","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170623051823_CIS841C39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2009.089896","article-title":"Effect of changes in season and temperature on mortality associated with air pollution in Seoul, Korea","volume":"65","author":"Park","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170623051823_CIS841C40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/138.4.821","article-title":"Effects of ambient ozone on respiratory function in healthy adults exercising outdoors","volume":"138","author":"Spektor","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170623051823_CIS841C41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1006\/enrs.1996.3685","article-title":"Association between ozone and hospitalization for respiratory diseases in 16 Canadian cities","volume":"72","author":"Burnett","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170623051823_CIS841C42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.54.2.108","article-title":"Short term variations in hospital admissions and mortality and particulate air pollution","volume":"54","author":"Wordley","year":"1997","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170623051823_CIS841C43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.97.10051064","article-title":"Air pollution and daily admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in 6 European cities: results from the APHEA project","volume":"10","author":"Anderson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"}],"container-title":["Clinical Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/56\/1\/74\/17850374\/cis841.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,22]],"date-time":"2017-08-22T22:28:34Z","timestamp":1503440914000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1093\/cid\/cis841"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,5]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/cis841","relation":{},"ISSN":["1537-6591","1058-4838"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1537-6591","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1058-4838","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,5]]}}}