{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T02:04:50Z","timestamp":1788314690863,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Background. \u2003Sierra Leone has the most cases of Ebola virus disease (EVD) ever reported. Trends in laboratory-confirmed EVD, symptom presentation, and risk factors have not been fully described.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Methods. \u2003EVD cases occurring from 23 May 2014 to 31 January 2015 are presented by geography, demographics, and risk factors for all persons who had laboratory-confirmed EVD, which was identified by Ebola virus\u2013specific reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction\u2013based testing.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results. \u2003During the study period, 8056 persons had laboratory-confirmed EVD. Their median age was 28 years; 51.7% were female. Common symptoms included fever (90.4%), fatigue (88.3%), loss of appetite (87.0%), headache (77.9%), joint pain (73.7%), vomiting (71.2%), and diarrhea (70.6%). Among persons with confirmed cases, 47.9% reported having had contact with someone with suspected EVD or any sick person, and 25.5% reported having attended a funeral, of whom 66.2% reported touching the body. The incidence of EVD was highest during 1\u201330 November 2014, at 7.5 per 100 000 population per week, and decreased to 2.1 per week during 1\u201331 January 2015. Between 23 May and 30 August 2014, two districts had the highest incidence of 3.8 and 7.0 per 100 000 population per week which decreased &amp;gt;97% by 1\u201331 January 2015. In comparison, the districts that include the capital city reported a 10-fold increase in incidence per week during the same time periods.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Conclusions. \u2003Almost half of patients with EVD in Sierra Leone reported physical contact with a person ill with EVD or a dead body, highlighting prevention opportunities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ568","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,16]],"date-time":"2015-07-16T00:32:23Z","timestamp":1437006743000},"page":"1648-1654","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Ebola Virus Disease in Sierra Leone\u201423 May 2014 to 31 January 2015"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Patricia M.","family":"Dietz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Ebola Response Group 1 , Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amara","family":"Jambai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sierra Leone Ministry of Health and Sanitation Ebola Response Group 2 , Freetown"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janusz T.","family":"Paweska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham-Johannesburg 3 , Gauteng ,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zabulon","family":"Yoti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization Ebola Response Group 4 , Geneva ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas G.","family":"Ksaizek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Medical Branch 5 , Galveston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024111411390371200_CIV568C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1404505","article-title":"Emergence of Zaire Ebola virus disease in Guinea","volume":"371","author":"Baize","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024111411390371200_CIV568C2","article-title":"Ebola virus disease\u2014situation report (Sit-Rep). 2 December 2014","author":"Government of Sierra Leone, Ministry of Health and Sanitation"},{"key":"2024111411390371200_CIV568C3","article-title":"Ebola virus disease\u2014situation report (Sit-Rep). 2 February 2015","author":"Government of Sierra Leone, Ministry of Health and Sanitation"},{"key":"2024111411390371200_CIV568C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1411100","article-title":"the first 9 months of the epidemic and forward projections","volume":"371","author":"WHO Ebola Response Team. Ebola virus disease in West Africa:","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024111411390371200_CIV568C5","article-title":"Ebola and Marburg virus disease epidemics: preparedness, alert, control, and evaluation. Interim manual version 1.2.2014","author":"World Health Organization"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"2024111411390371200_CIV568C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S192","DOI":"10.1086\/514313","article-title":"ELISA for the detection of antibodies to Ebola viruses","volume":"179","author":"Ksiazek","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024111411390371200_CIV568C7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4330","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.8.4330-4341.2004","article-title":"Rapid diagnosis of Ebola hemorrhagic fever by reverse transcription-PCR in an outbreak setting and assessment of patient viral load as a predictor of outcome","volume":"78","author":"Towner","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2024111411390371200_CIV568C8","article-title":"World population prospects: the 2012 revision","author":"United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, Population Estimates and Projections Section"},{"key":"2024111411390371200_CIV568C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2003.04.001","article-title":"Containing a haemorrhagic fever epidemic: the Ebola experience in Uganda (October 2000-January 2001)","volume":"8","author":"Lamunu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024111411390371200_CIV568C10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2002.00944.x","article-title":"An outbreak of Ebola in Uganda","volume":"7","author":"Okware","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"2024111411390371200_CIV568C11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1410540","article-title":"Ebola then and now","volume":"371","author":"Breman","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024111411390371200_CIV568C12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3056","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003056","article-title":"Outbreak of Ebola virus disease in Guinea: where ecology meets economy","volume":"8","author":"Bausch","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2024111411390371200_CIV568C13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26058","DOI":"10.3402\/gha.v7.26058","article-title":"Addressing Ebola-related stigma: lessons learned from HIV\/AIDS","volume":"7","author":"Davtyan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glob Health Action"},{"key":"2024111411390371200_CIV568C14","first-page":"1","article-title":"Estimating the future number of cases in the Ebola epidemic\u2014Liberia and Sierra Leone, 2014\u20132015","volume":"63","author":"Meltzer","year":"2014","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"}],"container-title":["Clinical Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/61\/11\/1648\/954270\/civ568.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/61\/11\/1648\/954270\/civ568.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T11:39:48Z","timestamp":1731584388000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article\/61\/11\/1648\/333587"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,15]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/civ568","relation":{},"ISSN":["1537-6591","1058-4838"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1537-6591","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1058-4838","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,15]]}}}