{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T01:32:49Z","timestamp":1789867969064,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"suppl 1","funder":[{"name":"Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation or the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"name":"Republic of Korea and the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01TW009237; U01 AI062563; R24 TW007988; D43 PA-03-018; U01 AI069484; U01 AI067854; P30 AI064518"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01TW009237; U01 AI062563; R24 TW007988; D43 PA-03-018; U01 AI069484; U01 AI067854; P30 AI064518"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["BB\/J010367"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/J010367"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000288","name":"Royal Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["100087\/Z\/12\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["100087\/Z\/12\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000288","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["OPP1129380"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1129380"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Infect Dis."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,15]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ693","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]],"date-time":"2016-03-01T11:17:53Z","timestamp":1456831073000},"page":"S9-S16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["The Typhoid Fever Surveillance in Africa Program (TSAP): Clinical, Diagnostic, and Epidemiological Methodologies"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Vera","family":"von Kalckreuth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Konings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Aaby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaw","family":"Adu-Sarkodie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abraham","family":"Aseffa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert F.","family":"Breiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morten","family":"Bjerregaard-Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John D.","family":"Clemens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Crump","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ligia Maria","family":"Cruz Espinoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica Fung","family":"Deerin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nagla","family":"Gasmelseed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy Gassama","family":"Sow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Im","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen H.","family":"Keddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonard","family":"Cosmas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"May","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian G.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric D.","family":"Mintz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel M.","family":"Montgomery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Olack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gi Deok","family":"Pak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ursula","family":"Panzner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Se Eun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rapha\u00ebl","family":"Rakotozandrindrainy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi","family":"Sch\u00fctt-Gerowitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdramane Bassiahi","family":"Soura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle R.","family":"Warren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas F.","family":"Wierzba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Marks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/529146"},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.09.008"},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.3","first-page":"CD004977","article-title":"Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines for preventing vaccine-type invasive pneumococcal disease and X-ray defined pneumonia in children less than two years of age","volume":"4","author":"Lucero","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14760584.8.1.91"},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(08)70152-X"},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.6","unstructured":"World Health Organization, Global Malaria Programme. World malaria report 2012. Available at: http:\/\/www.who.int\/malaria\/publications\/world_malaria_report_2012\/report\/en\/index.html . Accessed 1 June 2015."},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002324"},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/518144"},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.06.039818"},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00791-13"},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.11","first-page":"34","article-title":"Determination of diagnostic Widal titres in Kumasi, Ghana","volume":"19","author":"Frimpong","year":"2000","journal-title":"West Afr J Med"},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11398.x"},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.1997.tb00467.x"},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/edi1710.110327"},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-137"},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/145.3.292"},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(95)00186-5"},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1611.100388"},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0029119"},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2106.140999"},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002103"},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis012"},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3281"},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1507.090416","article-title":"Meeting on establishment of consortium to study invasive salmonelloses in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"5","author":"Clemens","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.25","unstructured":"World Health Organization\/United Nations Children's Fund Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation. Progress on drinking water and sanitation\u20142012 update. Available at: http:\/\/www.wssinfo.org\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/resources\/JMP-report-2012-en.pdf . Accessed 2 April 2015."},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.26","unstructured":"INDEPTH Network. Demographic surveillance site (DSS). Available at: http:\/\/www.indepth-network.org . Accessed 2 April 2015."},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.27","unstructured":"The World Bank. GNI per capita, PPP (current international $). Available at: http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/NY.GNP.PCAP.PP.CD . Accessed 2 April 2015."},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.28","first-page":"91","article-title":"An outbreak of multiresistant Salmonella Typhi in South Africa","volume":"82","author":"Coovadia","year":"1992","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.11.087627"},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268810002207"},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1605.091917"},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016085"},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01983-09"},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2011.02774.x"},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq103"},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit798"},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044063"},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.4314\/ejhd.v14i3.9904","article-title":"Typhoid fever in an Ethiopian children's hospital: 1984\u20131995","volume":"14","author":"Worku","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ethiop J Health Dev"},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.39","first-page":"413","article-title":"Typhoid fever in children in Tananarive (Madagascar). Comments on 97 cases [in French]","volume":"45","author":"Charieras","year":"1985","journal-title":"Med Trop (Mars)"},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.40","first-page":"22","article-title":"Absence of the antigen H:z66 in 2355 strains of Salmonella Typhi from Madagascar and several countries of tropical Africa [in French]","volume":"79","author":"Vieu","year":"1986","journal-title":"Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales"},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.41","first-page":"543","article-title":"Clinical and laboratory features of typhoid fever in Senegal. A 70-case study [in French]","volume":"65","author":"Lefebvre","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Trop (Mars)"},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/376646"},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.43","first-page":"267","article-title":"Primary ileostomy for typhoid-related ileal perforation: a 62-case series in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso [in French]","volume":"70","author":"Zida","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Trop (Mars)"},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1080\/09674845.2013.11978267","article-title":"Prevalence of Salmonella species among asymptomatic food handlers in Khartoum State, Sudan","volume":"70","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Biomed Sci"},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dys081"},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.006"},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.47","unstructured":"World Medical Association. WMA declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. 2013. Available at: http:\/\/www.wma.net\/en\/30publications\/10policies\/b3\/ . Accessed 1 Jun 2015."},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1986.35.836","article-title":"Bone marrow aspirate culture superior to streptokinase clot culture and 8 mL 1:10 blood-to-broth ratio blood culture for diagnosis of typhoid fever","volume":"35","author":"Hoffman","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(75)92194-7"},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.4.1571-1576.2001"},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.51","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance standards for antimicrobial suceptibility testing. CLSI M100-S-23, ed. Wayne, PA: CLSI, 2013."},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.52","first-page":"6","article-title":"ISO 15189 in use 'round the world","volume":"42","author":"Minnick","year":"2010","journal-title":"MLO Med Lab Obs"},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ891"},{"key":"2016030108174544000_62.suppl_1.S9.54","first-page":"253","article-title":"Cluster sampling to assess immunization coverage: a review of experience with a simplified sampling method","volume":"60","author":"Henderson","year":"1982","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"}],"container-title":["Clinical Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/62\/suppl_1\/S9\/7864950\/civ693.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,5]],"date-time":"2019-09-05T00:32:51Z","timestamp":1567643571000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1093\/cid\/civ693"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"suppl 1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1093\/cid\/civ693"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/civ693","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-4838","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]}}}