{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T01:04:58Z","timestamp":1791939898084,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":219,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006292","name":"Infectious Diseases Society of America","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006292","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>It is important to realize that guidelines cannot always account for individual variation among patients. They are not intended to supplant physician judgment with respect to particular patients or special clinical situations. Infectious Diseases Society of America considers adherence to these guidelines to be voluntary, with the ultimate determination regarding their application to be made by the physician in the light of each patient's individual circumstances.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Coccidioidomycosis, also known as San Joaquin Valley fever, is a systemic infection endemic to parts of the southwestern United States and elsewhere in the Western Hemisphere. Residence in and recent travel to these areas are critical elements for the accurate recognition of patients who develop this infection. In this practice guideline, we have organized our recommendations to address actionable questions concerning the entire spectrum of clinical syndromes. These can range from initial pulmonary infection, which eventually resolves whether or not antifungal therapy is administered, to a variety of pulmonary and extrapulmonary complications. Additional recommendations address management of coccidioidomycosis occurring for special at-risk populations. Finally, preemptive management strategies are outlined in certain at-risk populations and after unintentional laboratory exposure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw360","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,28]],"date-time":"2016-07-28T20:07:56Z","timestamp":1469736476000},"page":"e112-e146","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":564,"title":["2016 Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) Clinical Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Coccidioidomycosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"John N.","family":"Galgiani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00a0Valley \u00a0Fever Center for Excellence"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil M.","family":"Ampel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00a0Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Arizona, Tucson"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janis E.","family":"Blair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00a0Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonino","family":"Catanzaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00a0Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of California, San Diego"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Geertsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00a0Department of Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan E.","family":"Hoover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00a0Division of Sanford Health, Sioux Falls, South Dakota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Royce H.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00a0David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Department of Medicine, Kern Medical Center, Bakersfield, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shimon","family":"Kusne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00a0Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Lisse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00a0Department of Rheumatology, University of Arizona, Tucson"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel D.","family":"MacDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00a0Department of Neurosurgery School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shari L.","family":"Meyerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00a0Division of Thoracic Surgery, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia B.","family":"Raksin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00a0Division of Neurosurgery, John H. Stroger Jr Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Siever","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00a0Arizona Pulmonary Specialists, Ltd, Phoenix"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Stevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00a0Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Sunenshine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00a0Career Epidemiology Field Officer Program, Division of State and Local Readiness, Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"name":"\u00a0Maricopa County Department of Public Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Theodore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00a0Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020110410510912300_CIW360C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39493.646875.AE","article-title":"Going from evidence to recommendations","volume":"336","author":"Guyatt","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2020110410510912300_CIW360C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39490.551019.BE","article-title":"What is \u201cquality of evidence\u201d and why is it important to clinicians?","volume":"336","author":"Guyatt","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2020110410510912300_CIW360C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a744","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a744","article-title":"Use of GRADE grid to reach decisions on clinical practice guidelines when consensus is elusive","volume":"337","author":"Jaeschke","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2020110410510912300_CIW360C4","article-title":"Approach and implications to rating the quality of evidence and strength of recommendations using the GRADE methodology","author":"Guyatt"},{"key":"2020110410510912300_CIW360C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2011.10.018","article-title":"Vertebral coccidioidomycosis: presentation and multidisciplinary management","volume":"125","author":"Szeyko","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2020110410510912300_CIW360C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu681","article-title":"Valley fever: finding new places for an old disease: Coccidioides immitis found in Washington State soil associated with recent human infection","volume":"60","author":"Litvintseva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020110410510912300_CIW360C7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1811.120752","article-title":"Coccidioidomycosis-associated deaths, United States, 1990\u20132008","volume":"18","author":"Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020110410510912300_CIW360C8","first-page":"217","article-title":"Increase in reported coccidioidomycosis\u2014United States, 1998\u20132011","volume":"62","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2013","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2020110410510912300_CIW360C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21009","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021009","article-title":"Coccidioidomycosis incidence in Arizona predicted by seasonal precipitation","volume":"6","author":"Tamerius","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2020110410510912300_CIW360C10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1611.100475","article-title":"Enhanced surveillance of coccidioidomycosis, Arizona, USA, 2007\u20132008","volume":"16","author":"Tsang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020110410510912300_CIW360C11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1982.00340160069017","article-title":"Coccidioidomycosis in renal replacement therapy","volume":"142","author":"Cohen","year":"1982","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2020110410510912300_CIW360C12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199011000-00006","article-title":"Coccidioidomycosis during human immunodeficiency virus infection. 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