{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T21:12:11Z","timestamp":1791321131579,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012947","name":"Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012947","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"French Ministry of Foreign Affairs"},{"name":"FSP\/REFS project"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004423","name":"World Health Organization","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004423","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Ci\u00eana sem Fronteiras \u201cPesquisador Visitante Especial\u201d program","award":["406594\/2013-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["406594\/2013-9"]}]},{"name":"R\u00e9gion Ile-de-France"},{"name":"CNPq Ci\u00eana sem Fronteiras BJT","award":["401641\/2013-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["401641\/2013-9"]}]},{"name":"CNPq Ci\u00eana sem Fronteiras BJT","award":["313887\/2013-6 to F. C. D."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["313887\/2013-6 to F. C. D."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Background. \u2003Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense can be diagnosed in the early hemolymphatic stage (stage 1 [S1]) or meningoencephalitic stage (stage 2 [S2]). Importantly, individuals harbouring high and specific antibody responses to Tbg antigens but negative parasitology are also diagnosed in the field (seropositive [SERO]). Whereas some develop the disease in the months following their initial diagnosis (SERO\/HAT), others remain parasitologically negative for long periods (SERO) and are apparently able to control infection. Human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-G, an immunosuppressive molecule, could play a critical role in this variability of progression between infection and disease.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Methods. \u2003Soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) was measured in plasma for patients in the SERO (n = 65), SERO\/HAT (n = 14), or HAT (n = 268) group and in cerebrospinal fluid for patients in S1 (n = 55), early S2 (n = 93), or late S2 (n = 110). Associations between these different statuses and the soluble level or genetic polymorphisms of HLA-G were explored.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results. \u2003Plasma sHLA-G levels were significantly higher in HAT (P = 6 \u00d7 10\u22127) and SERO\/HAT (P = .007) than SERO patients. No difference was observed between the SERO\/HAT and HAT groups. Within the HAT group, specific haplotypes (HG010102 and HG0103) displayed increased frequencies in S1 (P = .013) and late S2 (P = .036), respectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Conclusions. \u2003These results strongly suggest the involvement of HLA-G in HAT disease progression. Importantly, high plasma sHLA-G levels in SERO patients could be predictive of subsequent disease development and could represent a serological marker to help guide therapeutic decision making. Further studies are necessary to assess the predictive nature of HLA-G and to estimate both sensitivity and specificity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw505","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,29]],"date-time":"2016-07-29T00:07:56Z","timestamp":1469750876000},"page":"1189-1197","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Human Leukocyte Antigen-G: A Promising Prognostic Marker of Disease Progression to Improve the Control of Human African Trypanosomiasis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Laure","family":"Gineau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement, UMR216 MERIT, M\u00e8re et Enfant face aux Infections Tropicales 1"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9 2 Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie ,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Courtin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement, UMR216 MERIT, M\u00e8re et Enfant face aux Infections Tropicales 1"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9 2 Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie ,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamadou","family":"Camara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 et de l'Hygi\u00e8ne Publique, Programme National de Lutte contre la Trypanosomose Humaine Africaine 6 , Conakry ,","place":["Guinea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamidou","family":"Ilboudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre International de Recherche-D\u00e9veloppement sur l'Elevage en Zones Subhumides, Unit\u00e9 de Recherches sur les Bases Biologiques de la Lutte Int\u00e9gr\u00e9e 7 , Bobo-Dioulasso ,","place":["Burkina Faso"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Jamonneau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre International de Recherche-D\u00e9veloppement sur l'Elevage en Zones Subhumides, Unit\u00e9 de Recherches sur les Bases Biologiques de la Lutte Int\u00e9gr\u00e9e 7 , Bobo-Dioulasso ,","place":["Burkina Faso"]},{"name":"Institut de Recherche Pour le D\u00e9veloppement, Campus International de Baillarguet 5 , Montpellier ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabricio C.","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of S\u00e3o Paulo 8 Division of Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto , , Ribeir\u00e3o Preto"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonidas","family":"Tokplonou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche Pour le D\u00e9veloppement, UMR 216, Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur le Paludisme Associ\u00e9 \u00e0 la Grossesse et \u00e0 l'Enfance, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences de la Sant\u00e9 10 , Cotonou ,","place":["B\u00e9nin"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Milet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement, UMR216 MERIT, M\u00e8re et Enfant face aux Infections Tropicales 1"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9 2 Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie ,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priscila B.","family":"Mendon\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of S\u00e3o Paulo 8 Division of Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto , , Ribeir\u00e3o Preto"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erick C.","family":"Castelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNESP\u2013Universidade 9 Department de Pathology, School of Medicine , , Botucatu, S\u00e3o Paulo ,","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"Estadual Paulista 9 Department de Pathology, School of Medicine , , Botucatu, S\u00e3o Paulo ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oumou","family":"Camara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 et de l'Hygi\u00e8ne Publique, Programme National de Lutte contre la Trypanosomose Humaine Africaine 6 , Conakry ,","place":["Guinea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariam","family":"Camara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 et de l'Hygi\u00e8ne Publique, Programme National de Lutte contre la Trypanosomose Humaine Africaine 6 , Conakry ,","place":["Guinea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benoit","family":"Favier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut des Maladies Emergentes et des Th\u00e9rapies Innovantes, Service de Recherches en H\u00e9mato-Immunologie, H\u00f4pital Saint-Louis 3"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9, UMRE5, Institut Universitaire d'H\u00e9matologie, H\u00f4pital Saint-Louis 4"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Rouas-Freiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut des Maladies Emergentes et des Th\u00e9rapies Innovantes, Service de Recherches en H\u00e9mato-Immunologie, H\u00f4pital Saint-Louis 3"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9, UMRE5, Institut Universitaire d'H\u00e9matologie, H\u00f4pital Saint-Louis 4"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Moreau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut des Maladies Emergentes et des Th\u00e9rapies Innovantes, Service de Recherches en H\u00e9mato-Immunologie, H\u00f4pital Saint-Louis 3"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9, UMRE5, Institut Universitaire d'H\u00e9matologie, H\u00f4pital Saint-Louis 4"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo A.","family":"Donadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of S\u00e3o Paulo 8 Division of Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto , , Ribeir\u00e3o Preto"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Bucheton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 et de l'Hygi\u00e8ne Publique, Programme National de Lutte contre la Trypanosomose Humaine Africaine 6 , Conakry ,","place":["Guinea"]},{"name":"Institut de Recherche Pour le D\u00e9veloppement, Campus International de Baillarguet 5 , Montpellier ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey","family":"Sabbagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement, UMR216 MERIT, M\u00e8re et Enfant face aux Infections Tropicales 1"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9 2 Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie ,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement, UMR216 MERIT, M\u00e8re et Enfant face aux Infections Tropicales 1"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9 2 Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie ,"},{"name":"Institut de Recherche Pour le D\u00e9veloppement, UMR 216, Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur le Paludisme Associ\u00e9 \u00e0 la Grossesse et \u00e0 l'Enfance, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences de la Sant\u00e9 10 , Cotonou ,","place":["B\u00e9nin"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024111411401703500_CIW505C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2005.08.001","article-title":"Clinical aspects of 2541 patients with second stage human African trypanosomiasis","volume":"97","author":"Blum","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"2024111411401703500_CIW505C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60829-1","article-title":"Human African trypanosomiasis","volume":"375","author":"Brun","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Lond Engl"},{"key":"2024111411401703500_CIW505C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1691","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001691","article-title":"Untreated human infections by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense are not 100% fatal","volume":"6","author":"Jamonneau","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2024111411401703500_CIW505C4","first-page":"169","article-title":"A card-agglutination test with stained trypanosomes (C.A.T.T.) for the serological diagnosis of T. b. gambiense trypanosomiasis","volume":"58","author":"Magnus","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ann Soc Belg M\u00e9d Trop"},{"key":"2024111411401703500_CIW505C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e917","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000917","article-title":"Revisiting the immune trypanolysis test to optimise epidemiological surveillance and control of sleeping sickness in West Africa","volume":"4","author":"Jamonneau","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2024111411401703500_CIW505C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1004469","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004469","article-title":"Unravelling human trypanotolerance: IL8 is associated with infection control whereas IL10 and TNF\u03b1 are associated with subsequent disease development","volume":"10","author":"Ilboudo","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2024111411401703500_CIW505C7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2015.11.001","article-title":"Tolerance to trypanosomatids: a threat, or a key for disease elimination","volume":"32","author":"Berthier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"2024111411401703500_CIW505C8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2011.04.014","article-title":"First evidence that parasite infecting apparent aparasitemic serological suspects in human African trypanosomiasis are Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and are similar to those found in patients","volume":"11","author":"Kabor\u00e9","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"2024111411401703500_CIW505C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1179\/000349804225003406","article-title":"Characterization of Trypanosoma brucei s.l. infecting asymptomatic sleeping-sickness patients in C\u00f4te d'Ivoire: a new genetic group?","volume":"98","author":"Jamonneau","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"2024111411401703500_CIW505C10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01612.x","article-title":"Comparison of cytokine plasma levels in human African trypanosomiasis","volume":"11","author":"Courtin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"2024111411401703500_CIW505C11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(02)90115-X","article-title":"Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and IL-10 in serum and CSF of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense sleeping sickness patients before and after treatment","volume":"96","author":"Lejon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2024111411401703500_CIW505C12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.04.011","article-title":"A link between chemokine levels and disease severity in human African trypanosomiasis","volume":"36","author":"Courtioux","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"2024111411401703500_CIW505C13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2005.03.002","article-title":"Interest of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-308 G\/A and interleukin-10 -592 C\/A polymorphisms in human African trypanosomiasis","volume":"6","author":"Courtin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol J"},{"key":"2024111411401703500_CIW505C14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2006.04.001","article-title":"Association between human African trypanosomiasis and the IL6 gene in a Congolese population","volume":"7","author":"Courtin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol J"},{"key":"2024111411401703500_CIW505C15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000078","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000078","article-title":"Trypanosomiasis-induced B cell apoptosis results in loss of protective anti-parasite antibody responses and abolishment of vaccine-induced memory responses","volume":"4","author":"Radwanska","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2024111411401703500_CIW505C16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002089","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002089","article-title":"T. brucei infection reduces B lymphopoiesis in bone marrow and truncates compensatory splenic lymphopoiesis through transitional B-cell apoptosis","volume":"7","author":"Bockstal","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2024111411401703500_CIW505C17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5018","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.8.5018","article-title":"HLA-G2, -G3, and -G4 isoforms expressed as nonmature cell surface glycoproteins inhibit NK and antigen-specific CTL cytolysis","volume":"166","author":"Riteau","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2024111411401703500_CIW505C18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.3.1331","article-title":"Soluble HLA-G inhibits cell cycle progression in human alloreactive T lymphocytes","volume":"176","author":"Bahri","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2024111411401703500_CIW505C19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-010-0580-7","article-title":"Implications of the polymorphism of HLA-G on its function, regulation, evolution and disease association","volume":"68","author":"Donadi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"2024111411401703500_CIW505C20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298569","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/298569","article-title":"Immunomodulatory properties of HLA-G in infectious diseases","volume":"2014","author":"Amiot","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"key":"2024111411401703500_CIW505C21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2689","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh609","article-title":"Expression of the immune-tolerogenic major histocompatibility molecule HLA-G in multiple sclerosis: implications for CNS immunity","volume":"128","author":"Wiendl","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain J Neurol"},{"key":"2024111411401703500_CIW505C22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-13-312","article-title":"High plasma levels of HLA-G are associated with low birth weight and with an increased risk of malaria in infancy","volume":"13","author":"Sadissou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"2024111411401703500_CIW505C23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.03.004","article-title":"HLA-G 3\u2019 UTR-2 haplotype is associated with human African trypanosomiasis susceptibility","volume":"17","author":"Courtin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"2024111411401703500_CIW505C24","first-page":"155","article-title":"Human African trypanosomiasis in the mangrove forest in Guinea: epidemiological and clinical features in two adjacent outbreak areas [in French]","volume":"65","author":"Camara","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Trop"},{"key":"2024111411401703500_CIW505C25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.05.007","article-title":"Diversity of response to Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infections in the Forecariah mangrove focus (Guinea): perspectives for a better control of sleeping sickness","volume":"13","author":"Ilboudo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"2024111411401703500_CIW505C26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2010.02559.x","article-title":"A geographical approach to identify sleeping sickness risk factors in a mangrove ecosystem","volume":"15","author":"Courtin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"2024111411401703500_CIW505C27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1949","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001949","article-title":"Epidemiology of sleeping sickness in Boffa (Guinea): where are the trypanosomes?","volume":"6","author":"Kagbadouno","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2024111411401703500_CIW505C28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2005.05.003","article-title":"Report of the Wet Workshop for Quantification of Soluble HLA-G in Essen, 2004","volume":"66","author":"Rebmann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"2024111411401703500_CIW505C29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00476","article-title":"Insights into HLA-G genetics provided by worldwide haplotype diversity","volume":"5","author":"Castelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2024111411401703500_CIW505C30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/gene.2014.63","article-title":"Balancing immunity and tolerance: genetic footprint of natural selection in the transcriptional regulatory region of HLA-G","volume":"16","author":"Gineau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genes Immun"},{"key":"2024111411401703500_CIW505C31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1038\/gene.2013.67","article-title":"Worldwide genetic variation at the 3\u2019 untranslated region of the HLA-G gene: balancing selection influencing genetic diversity","volume":"15","author":"Sabbagh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genes Immun"},{"key":"2024111411401703500_CIW505C32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3069","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msr138","article-title":"A comprehensive study of polymorphic sites along the HLA-G gene: implication for gene regulation and evolution","volume":"28","author":"Castelli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"2024111411401703500_CIW505C33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-005-0788-0","article-title":"The HLA-G genotype is associated with IL-10 levels in activated PBMCs","volume":"57","author":"Rizzo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"2024111411401703500_CIW505C34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1086\/319257","article-title":"Human macrophage tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production induced by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and the role of TNF-alpha in parasite control","volume":"183","author":"Daulou\u00e8de","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024111411401703500_CIW505C35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2007.05.005","article-title":"African trypanosomosis: from immune escape and immunopathology to immune intervention","volume":"148","author":"Stijlemans","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"2024111411401703500_CIW505C36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-016-1131-y","article-title":"Evolution of the levels of human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) in Beninese infant during the first year of life in a malaria endemic area: using latent class analysis","volume":"15","author":"d'Almeida","year":"2016","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"2024111411401703500_CIW505C37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248914","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/248914","article-title":"Prevalence and types of coinfections in sleeping sickness patients in Kenya (2000\/2009)","volume":"2011","author":"Kagira","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Trop Med"},{"key":"2024111411401703500_CIW505C38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(02)00152-2","article-title":"Trypanosome-induced modulation of responses to concurrent helminth infection","volume":"74","author":"Chiejina","year":"2003","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"2024111411401703500_CIW505C39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.03.030","article-title":"Co-infection with Plasmodium berghei and Trypanosoma brucei increases severity of malaria and trypanosomiasis in mice","volume":"159","author":"Ademola","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"2024111411401703500_CIW505C40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21429","article-title":"The continuing problem of human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)","volume":"64","author":"Kennedy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"}],"container-title":["Clinical Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/63\/9\/1189\/13803891\/ciw505.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/63\/9\/1189\/13803891\/ciw505.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T11:49:51Z","timestamp":1731584991000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article\/63\/9\/1189\/2576533"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,28]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciw505","relation":{},"ISSN":["1537-6591","1058-4838"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1537-6591","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1058-4838","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,28]]}}}