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We included HIV-infected children aged &amp;lt;16 years at cART initiation from 1996 onward. We used Cox models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs), adjusted for region and origin, sex, cART start year, age, and HIV\/AIDS stage at cART initiation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results. \u2003We included 24 991 children from eastern Africa, southern Africa, Europe and Asia; 26 developed KS after starting cART. Incidence rates per 100 000 person-years (PYs) were 86 in eastern Africa (95% confidence interval [CI], 55\u2013133), 11 in southern Africa (95% CI, 4\u201335), and 81 (95% CI, 26\u2013252) in children of sub-Saharan African (SSA) origin in Europe. The KS incidence rates were 0\/100 000 PYs in children of non-SSA origin in Europe (95% CI, 0\u201350) and in Asia (95% CI, 0\u201327). KS risk was lower in girls than in boys (adjusted HR [aHR], 0.3; 95% CI, .1\u2013.9) and increased with age (10\u201315 vs 0\u20134 years; aHR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.2\u201310.1) and advanced HIV\/AIDS stage (CDC stage C vs A\/B; aHR, 2.4; 95% CI, .8\u20137.3) at cART initiation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions. \u2003HIV-infected children from SSA but not those from other regions, have a high risk of developing KS after cART initiation. Early cART initiation in these children might reduce KS risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,30]],"date-time":"2016-08-30T20:54:00Z","timestamp":1472590440000},"page":"1245-1253","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Kaposi Sarcoma Risk in HIV-Infected Children and Adolescents on Combination Antiretroviral Therapy From Sub-Saharan Africa, Europe, and Asia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"63","author":[{"name":"The Pediatric AIDS-Defining Cancer Project Working Group for IeDEA Southern Africa, TApHOD, and COHERE in EuroCoord","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"The Pediatric AIDS-Defining Cancer Project Working Group for IeDEA Southern Africa, TApHOD, and COHERE in 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