{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T08:29:08Z","timestamp":1775377748216,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>On 14 January 2014, a vaccinated student presented with parotitis. Mumps immunoglobulin M (IgM) testing was negative and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing was not performed, resulting in a missed diagnosis and the start of an outbreak at a New York City (NYC) university.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Mumps case investigations included patient interviews, medical records review, and laboratory testing including mumps serology and RT-PCR. Case patients were considered linked to the outbreak if they attended or had epidemiologic linkage to the university. Epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory data for outbreak cases residing in NYC were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Fifty-six NYC residents with mumps were identified with onset between 12 January and 30 April 2014. Fifty-three cases (95%) were university students, 1 (2%) was a staff member, and 2 (4%) had epidemiologic links to the university. The median age was 20 years (range 18\u201337 years). All cases had parotitis. Three cases were hospitalized, including 1 of 2 cases with orchitis. Fifty-four (96%) cases had received \u22651 mumps-containing vaccine, 1 (2%) was unvaccinated due to religious exemption, and 1 (2%) had unknown vaccination status. Two of the 44 (5%) cases tested by serology were mumps IgM positive, and 27 of the 40 (68%) tested by RT-PCR were positive.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Mumps outbreaks can occur in highly vaccinated populations. Mumps should be considered in patients with parotitis regardless of vaccination status. RT-PCR is the preferred testing method; providers should not rely on IgM testing alone. High vaccination coverage and control measures likely limited the extent of the outbreak.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw762","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,16]],"date-time":"2016-11-16T20:05:49Z","timestamp":1479326749000},"page":"408-412","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Mumps Outbreak Among a Highly Vaccinated University Community\u2014New York City, January\u2013April 2014"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Leena N.","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health\/Preventive Medicine Residency 1"},{"name":"Program, Division of Epidemiology 1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Arciuolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of Immunization, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene 2 , Queens, New York"},{"name":"Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists Applied Epidemiology Fellowship 3 , Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Laboratory, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene 4 , Queens, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca R.","family":"Giancotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Laboratory, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene 4 , Queens, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane R.","family":"Zucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of Immunization, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene 2 , Queens, New York"},{"name":"National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 5 , Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Rakeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Laboratory, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene 4 , Queens, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer B.","family":"Rosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of Immunization, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene 2 , Queens, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024111411402308800_CIT0001","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevention of measles, rubella, congenital rubella syndrome, and mumps, 2013: summary recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)","volume":"62","author":"McLean","year":"2013","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"2024111411402308800_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60419-5","article-title":"Mumps","volume":"371","author":"Hviid","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024111411402308800_CIT0003","first-page":"91","article-title":"Observations on a mumps epidemic in a virgin population","volume":"69","author":"Philip","year":"1959","journal-title":"Am J Hyg"},{"key":"2024111411402308800_CIT0004","article-title":"Mumps","volume-title":"Red Book: 2015 report of the committee on infectious diseases","author":"American Academy of Pediatrics","year":"2015","edition":"30th ed"},{"key":"2024111411402308800_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-194909000-00013","article-title":"Ten years in the epidemiology of mumps","volume":"218","author":"Gordon","year":"1949","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"2024111411402308800_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1086\/652770","article-title":"Guidance for isolation precautions for mumps in the United States: a review of the scientific basis for policy change","volume":"50","author":"Kutty","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024111411402308800_CIT0007","first-page":"101","article-title":"Mumps\u2014United States, 1985\u20131988","volume":"38","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1989","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2024111411402308800_CIT0008","first-page":"499","article-title":"Perspectives on the relative resurgence of mumps in the United States","volume":"142","author":"Cochi","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"2024111411402308800_CIT0009","first-page":"1","article-title":"Summary of notifiable diseases\u2014United States, 2005","volume":"54","author":"McNabb","year":"2007","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2024111411402308800_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1202865","article-title":"Mumps outbreak in Orthodox Jewish communities in the United States","volume":"367","author":"Barskey","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024111411402308800_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0706589","article-title":"Recent resurgence of mumps in the United States","volume":"358","author":"Dayan","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024111411402308800_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21557","article-title":"Investigation of a mumps outbreak among university students with two measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccinations, Virginia, September\u2013December 2006","volume":"81","author":"Rota","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"2024111411402308800_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.04.075","article-title":"Mumps vaccination coverage and vaccine effectiveness in a large outbreak among college students\u2014Iowa, 2006","volume":"26","author":"Marin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2024111411402308800_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1086\/529141","article-title":"Mumps vaccine performance among university students during a mumps outbreak","volume":"46","author":"Cortese","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024111411402308800_CIT0015","volume-title":"Notifiable diseases and conditions: information for providers","author":"New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene"},{"key":"2024111411402308800_CIT0016","volume-title":"Public health reporting and national notification for mumps","author":"Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists","year":"2011"},{"key":"2024111411402308800_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E13","DOI":"10.1097\/PHH.0b013e3181a8c31f","article-title":"Using an immunization information system to improve accountability for vaccines distributed through the Vaccines for Children program in New York City, 2005\u20132008","volume":"15","author":"Metroka","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Public Health Manag Pract"},{"key":"2024111411402308800_CIT0018","volume-title":"New York City Health Code \u00a7 11.07"},{"key":"2024111411402308800_CIT0019","author":"New York State Sanitary Code 10 NYCRR \u00a766-2.2"},{"key":"2024111411402308800_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00660-12","article-title":"Comparison of the sensitivity of laboratory diagnostic methods from a well-characterized outbreak of mumps in New York City in 2009","volume":"20","author":"Rota","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"2024111411402308800_CIT0021","volume-title":"Epi-X: building a network to save lives","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"key":"2024111411402308800_CIT0022","volume-title":"Mumps surveillance: January 1972\u2013June 1974","author":"Centers for Disease Control","year":"1974"},{"key":"2024111411402308800_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.14.16.19182-en","article-title":"Mumps epidemiology in the mid-west of Ireland 2004\u20132008: increasing disease burden in the university\/college setting","volume":"14","author":"Whyte","year":"2009","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"2024111411402308800_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.04.083","article-title":"Mumps outbreak among vaccinated university students associated with a large party, the Netherlands, 2010","volume":"30","author":"Greenland","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2024111411402308800_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.03.037","article-title":"Mumps outbreaks in four universities in the north west of England: prevention, detection and response","volume":"29","author":"Kay","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2024111411402308800_CIT0026","first-page":"986","article-title":"Mumps outbreak on a university campus\u2014California, 2011","volume":"61","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2012","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2024111411402308800_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268809990719","article-title":"A spatial analysis of the spread of mumps: the importance of college students and their spring-break-associated travel","volume":"138","author":"Polgreen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"2024111411402308800_CIT0028","unstructured":"Isaac\n              BM\n            \n            \n              Zucker\n              JR\n            \n            \n              Rakeman\n              J\n            \n            \n          \n          Mumps outbreak in Queens community, New York City, June-November 2015 [abstract]. In: 2016 Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists Annual Conference, Anchorage, AK, 19\u201323 June 2016."},{"key":"2024111411402308800_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2006.10.010","article-title":"Comparison of mumps-IgM ELISAs in acute infection","volume":"38","author":"Krause","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"2024111411402308800_CIT0030","volume-title":"Manual for the surveillance of vaccine-preventable diseases","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2012"},{"key":"2024111411402308800_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890080207","article-title":"Mumps-specific immunoglobulin M and G antibodies in natural mumps infection as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay","volume":"8","author":"Ukkonen","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"2024111411402308800_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01803-07","article-title":"Detection of RNA of mumps virus during an outbreak in a population with a high level of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine coverage","volume":"46","author":"Bitsko","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2024111411402308800_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e157","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/493275","article-title":"Laboratory diagnosis of mumps in a partially immunized population: the Nova Scotia experience","volume":"20","author":"Hatchette","year":"2009","journal-title":"Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol"},{"key":"2024111411402308800_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000020","article-title":"Risk factors for transmission of mumps in a highly vaccinated population in Orange County, NY, 2009\u20132010","volume":"33","author":"Kutty","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2024111411402308800_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.22415","article-title":"Environmental factors potentially associated with mumps transmission in yeshivas during a mumps outbreak among highly vaccinated students: Brooklyn, New York, 2009\u20132010","volume":"9","author":"Fiebelkorn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"2024111411402308800_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1038\/318323a0","article-title":"Vaccination and herd immunity to infectious diseases","volume":"318","author":"Anderson","year":"1985","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2024111411402308800_CIT0037","first-page":"1","article-title":"Measles prevention","volume":"38","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1989","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2024111411402308800_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit408","article-title":"Viruses detected among sporadic cases of parotitis, United States, 2009\u20132011","volume":"208","author":"Barskey","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024111411402308800_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1086\/427338","article-title":"Etiology of mumps-like illnesses in children and adolescents vaccinated for measles, mumps, and rubella","volume":"191","author":"Davidkin","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024111411402308800_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2009.09.024","article-title":"Difficulty with mumps diagnosis: what is the contribution of mumps mimickers?","volume":"46","author":"Hatchette","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"}],"container-title":["Clinical Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/64\/4\/408\/10251513\/ciw762.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/64\/4\/408\/10251513\/ciw762.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T11:50:08Z","timestamp":1731585008000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article\/64\/4\/408\/2631868"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,4]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciw762","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-4838","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,15]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,4]]}}}