{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T15:29:51Z","timestamp":1791041391689,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Coccidioidal meningitis (CM) is a devastating complication of coccidioidomycosis. Since the late 1950s, intrathecal (IT) amphotericin B deoxycholate (AmBd) has been successfully used to treat and often cure this disease, reducing mortality rates from 100% to approximately 30%. The introduction of azoles further revolutionized the treatment of coccidioidal infections. However, IT AmBd remains the only known curative option in the management of CM. While the use of IT AmBd is well described in many articles, few discuss the actual methods behind preparation, titration, and dosing strategies utilized. The practitioners at Kern Medical (Bakersfield, California) have &amp;gt;60 years of experience in the utilization of IT AmBd and the treatment of CM. This article describes the practice experience in the treatment of CM, preparation of IT AmBd, and the different dosing strategies used in regard to route of administration (ie, cisternal, lumbar, ventricular).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw794","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,22]],"date-time":"2016-11-22T15:06:35Z","timestamp":1479827195000},"page":"519-524","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Intrathecal Amphotericin B: A 60-Year Experience in Treating Coccidioidal Meningitis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Jackie","family":"Ho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Kern Medical, Bakersfield, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pete","family":"Fowler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Kern Medical, Bakersfield, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arash","family":"Heidari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Kern Medical, Bakersfield, California"},{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Royce H","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Kern Medical, Bakersfield, California"},{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024111411402222900_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1086\/497596","article-title":"Coccidioidal meningitis","volume":"42","author":"Johnson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024111411402222900_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-3730-3_6","article-title":"Epidemiology of coccidioidomycosis","volume":"2","author":"Pappagianis","year":"1988","journal-title":"Curr Top Med Mycol"},{"key":"2024111411402222900_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.36.12.1394","article-title":"Varieties of coccidioidal infection in relation to the epidemiology and control of the diseases","volume":"36","author":"Smith","year":"1946","journal-title":"Am J Public Health Nations Health"},{"key":"2024111411402222900_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1070993","article-title":"Coccidioidomycosis: the initial pulmonary infection and beyond","volume":"18","author":"Snyder","year":"1997","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2024111411402222900_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1053\/srin.2001.29322","article-title":"Primary pulmonary coccidioidomycosis","volume":"16","author":"Feldman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Semin Respir Infect"},{"key":"2024111411402222900_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199504203321607","article-title":"Coccidioidomycosis","volume":"332","author":"Stevens","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024111411402222900_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e112","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw360","article-title":"2016 Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) clinical practice guideline for the treatment of coccidioidomycosis","volume":"63","author":"Galgiani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024111411402222900_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0b013e3181f378a8","article-title":"Coccidioidal meningitis: clinical presentation and management in the fluconazole era","volume":"89","author":"Mathisen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"2024111411402222900_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1406.037","article-title":"Coccidioidal meningitis","volume":"1111","author":"Williams","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"2024111411402222900_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1093\/clind\/16.2.247","article-title":"The natural history of coccidioidal meningitis: VA-armed forces cooperative studies, 1955\u20131958","volume":"16","author":"Vincent","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024111411402222900_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(59)90046-4","article-title":"The use of amphotericin B in the treatment of coccidioidal disease","volume":"27","author":"Winn","year":"1959","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2024111411402222900_CIT0012","first-page":"339","article-title":"Coccidioidal meningitis. 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