{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T22:13:48Z","timestamp":1791843228927,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been associated with increased non-liver-related morbidity and mortality. However, studies have yielded inconsistent results.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The incidence of clinical events in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)\u2013infected HCV-seropositive and incidence density\u2013matched HCV-seronegative participants of the Swiss HIV Cohort Study from August 1994 to December 2014 was studied. We compared (1) HCV-seropositive with HCV-seronegative participants and (2) HCV-viremic with successfully treated nonviremic patients. Poisson regression was used to assess differences between these groups.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We included 2503 HCV-seropositive participants (540 with spontaneous HCV clearance, 1294 untreated HCV RNA positive, 345 treated with sustained virologic response [SVR], 43 during treatment, and 281 treated without SVR), and 2503 HCV-seronegative controls. After a mean follow-up of 8.2 years, we observed (HCV seropositive and HCV seronegative, respectively) 107 and 18 liver events, 41 and 14 kidney events, 230 and 121 osteoporosis\/fractures, 82 and 94 diabetes mellitus, 114 and 129 cardiovascular events, 119 and 147 non-AIDS malignancies, 162 and 126 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention HIV category B\/C events, 106 and 10 liver-related deaths, and 227 and 218 non-liver-related deaths. Compared with HCV-negative controls, HCV-seropositive participants had an increased risk of liver events (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 6.29 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 3.52\u201311.22]), liver-related death (IRR, 8.24 [95% CI, 3.61\u201318.83]), kidney events (IRR, 2.43 [95% CI, 1.11\u20135.33]), and osteoporosis\/fracture (IRR, 1.43 [95% CI, 1.03\u20132.01]). Among HCV-seropositive individuals, treated participants without SVR vs those with SVR had a higher risk of liver events (IRR, 6.79 [95% CI, 2.33\u201319.81]), liver-related death (IRR, 3.29 [95% CI, 1.35\u20138.05]), and diabetes mellitus (IRR, 4.62 [95% CI, 1.53\u201313.96]). Similar but not statistically significant differences were found between untreated HCV RNA\u2013positive patients and those with SVR.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>While HCV exposure was associated with an increased risk of kidney disease and osteoporosis\/fracture, this risk did not seem to be dependent of persistent HCV RNA. Successful HCV treatment was associated with a lower incidence of liver disease, liver-related death, and diabetes mellitus, whereas the other conditions studied were less affected.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw809","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,2]],"date-time":"2016-12-02T12:05:39Z","timestamp":1480680339000},"page":"490-497","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Hepatitis C Infection and the Risk of Non-Liver-Related Morbidity and Mortality in HIV-Infected Persons in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Helen","family":"Kovari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andri","family":"Rauch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Berne and University of Berne 2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Kouyos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich 1"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich 3"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathieu","family":"Rougemont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital 4 , Geneva"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Cavassini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital 5 , Lausanne"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Schmid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Cantonal Hospital 6 , St Gall"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"St\u00f6ckle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital 7 , Basel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enos","family":"Bernasconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Ospedale Regionale 8 , Lugano ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Ledergerber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the Swiss HIV Cohort Study","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024111411402669900_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00485-5","article-title":"Prevalence and burden of HCV co-infection in people living with HIV: a global systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Platt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024111411402669900_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.04.019","article-title":"High hepatic and extrahepatic mortality and low treatment uptake in HCV-coinfected persons in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study between 2001 and 2013","volume":"63","author":"Kovari","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2024111411402669900_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-200001000-00005","article-title":"Extrahepatic manifestations associated with hepatitis C virus infection. 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