{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T22:45:25Z","timestamp":1792709125075,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"suppl_2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,15]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,30]],"date-time":"2017-01-30T08:27:11Z","timestamp":1485764831000},"page":"S145-S152","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["2015 Epidemic of Severe Streptococcus agalactiae Sequence Type 283 Infections in Singapore Associated With the Consumption of Raw Freshwater Fish: A Detailed Analysis of Clinical, Epidemiological, and Bacterial Sequencing Data"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Shirin","family":"Kalimuddin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swaine L.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore,"},{"name":"Genome Institute of Singapore,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cindy T. K.","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Singapore,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tse Hsien","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thean Yen","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Kam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher W.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genome Institute of Singapore,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kurosh S.","family":"Mehershahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Man Ling","family":"Chau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee Ching","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen Ying","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hishamuddin","family":"Badaruddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Communicable Diseases Division, Ministry of Health, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanette","family":"Teo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Microbiology Unit, National University Hospital, Singapore;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anucha","family":"Apisarnthanarak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Division, Thammasat University Hospital, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuntra","family":"Suwantarat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Division, Thammasat University Hospital, and"},{"name":"Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Ip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew T. G.","family":"Holden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, St Andrews University, Scotland, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li Yang","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore,"},{"name":"Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Singapore,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Barkham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the Singapore Group B Streptococcus Consortium","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328164547_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1086\/322696","article-title":"Group B streptococcal disease in nonpregnant adults","volume":"33","author":"Farley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328164547_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-13-41","article-title":"Human Streptococcus agalactiae strains in aquatic mammals and fish","volume":"13","author":"Delannoy","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328164547_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2007.05.014","article-title":"Risk factors for group B streptococcal colonization: potential for different transmission systems by capsular type","volume":"17","author":"Foxman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328164547_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-016-2617-9","article-title":"Streptococcus agalactiae infection in cancer patients: a five-year study","volume":"35","author":"Pimentel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328164547_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1086\/432804","article-title":"Group B streptococcal infections in elderly adults","volume":"41","author":"Edwards","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328164547_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1086\/599369","article-title":"Increasing burden of invasive group B streptococcal disease in nonpregnant adults, 1990-2007","volume":"49","author":"Skoff","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328164547_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-003-1098-9","article-title":"Group B streptococcal disease in nonpregnant adults: incidence, clinical characteristics, and outcome","volume":"23","author":"Blancas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328164547_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1007\/s100960100612","article-title":"Invasive group B streptococcal disease in nonpregnant adults","volume":"20","author":"Bola\u00f1os","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328164547_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-007-7251-0","article-title":"Invasive group B streptococcal disease in non-pregnant adults: a review with emphasis on skin and soft-tissue infections","volume":"36","author":"Sendi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328164547_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199306243282503","article-title":"A population-based assessment of invasive disease due to group B Streptococcus in nonpregnant adults","volume":"328","author":"Farley","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328164547_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1997.00440230087011","article-title":"Group B Streptococcus bacteremia in nonpregnant adults","volume":"157","author":"Mu\u00f1oz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328164547_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2005.01186.x","article-title":"Group B streptococcal soft tissue infections in non-pregnant adults","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328164547_CIT0013","first-page":"632","article-title":"Adult community acquired bacterial meningitis in a Singaporean teaching hospital. A seven-year overview (1993-2000)","volume":"43","author":"Chan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Singapore Med J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328164547_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.2000.tb02052.x","article-title":"Group B streptococcal meningitis in adults: recent increase in Southeast Asia","volume":"30","author":"Wilder-Smith","year":"2000","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328164547_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4252","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01533-06","article-title":"Identification of a Streptococcus agalactiae serotype III subtype 4 clone in association with adult invasive disease in Hong Kong","volume":"44","author":"Ip","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328164547_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2530","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.6.2530-2536.2003","article-title":"Multilocus sequence typing system for group B Streptococcus","volume":"41","author":"Jones","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328164547_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01820-09","article-title":"Molecular characterization and prophage DNA contents of Streptococcus agalactiae strains isolated from adult skin and osteoarticular infections","volume":"48","author":"Salloum","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328164547_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1970","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2211.160210","article-title":"Group B Streptococcus serotype III sequence type 283 bacteremia associated with consumption of raw fish, Singapore","volume":"22","author":"Tan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328164547_CIT0019","first-page":"169","article-title":"High morbidity associated with invasive group B streptococcal disease among nonpregnant adults in Thailand, 1999 to 2009","volume":"28","author":"Bunyasontigul","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Infect Dis Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328164547_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-149","article-title":"Streptococcus agalactiae in adults at Chiang Mai University Hospital: a retrospective study","volume":"11","author":"Chaiwarith","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328164547_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.26226\/morressier.56eadb54d462b80296c96fa6","article-title":"Clinical manifestations and outcomes of invasive group B streptococcal infection in nonpregnant adults","volume-title":"European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","author":"Siripongboonsitti","year":"2016"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328164547_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2009.11.010","article-title":"A multiplex PCR assay for the direct identification of the capsular type (Ia to IX) of Streptococcus agalactiae","volume":"80","author":"Imperi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Microbiol Methods"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328164547_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00159-07","article-title":"Multiplex PCR assay for rapid and accurate capsular typing of group B streptococci","volume":"45","author":"Poyart","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328164547_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.03554-13","article-title":"Characterization of invasive group B Streptococcus strains from the greater Toronto area, Canada","volume":"52","author":"Teatero","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328164547_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2009.0287","article-title":"Molecular characterization of temporally and geographically matched Streptococcus agalactiae strains isolated from food products and bloodstream infections","volume":"6","author":"van der Mee-Marquet","year":"2009","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328164547_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pii:e01188-15","DOI":"10.1128\/genomeA.01188-15","article-title":"Complete genome sequence of Streptococcus agalactiae serotype III, multilocus sequence type 283 strain SG-M1","volume":"3","author":"Mehershahi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genome Announc"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328164547_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118548387","volume-title":"Applied logistic regression","author":"Hosmer","year":"2013"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328164547_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4544","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5544","article-title":"Streptococcus agalactiae clones infecting humans were selected and fixed through the extensive use of tetracycline","volume":"5","author":"Da Cunha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328164547_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-14-252","article-title":"Reductive evolution in Streptococcus agalactiae and the emergence of a host adapted lineage","volume":"14","author":"Rosinski-Chupin","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328164547_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2919","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01128-15","article-title":"Emergence of serotype IV group B Streptococcus adult invasive disease in Manitoba and Saskatchewan, Canada, is driven by clonal sequence type 459 strains","volume":"53","author":"Teatero","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328164547_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2014.140759","article-title":"Population structure and antimicrobial resistance of invasive serotype IV group B Streptococcus, Toronto, Ontario, Canada","volume":"21","author":"Teatero","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328164547_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01103-08","article-title":"Population structure of human isolates of Streptococcus agalactiae from Dakar and Bangui","volume":"47","author":"Brochet","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328164547_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8","article-title":"A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation","volume":"40","author":"Charlson","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Chronic Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328164547_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-140-1-200401060-00008","article-title":"International prospective study of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia: implications of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production in nosocomial infections","volume":"140","author":"Paterson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328164547_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6431","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1504725112","article-title":"Sequence type 1 group B Streptococcus, an emerging cause of invasive disease in adults, evolves by small genetic changes","volume":"112","author":"Flores","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328164547_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/0195-6701(93)90144-O","article-title":"Co-existent cross-infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae and group B streptococci on an adult oncology unit","volume":"23","author":"Denton","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328164547_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2006.21.2.347","article-title":"Outbreak of late-onset group B streptococcal infections in healthy newborn infants after discharge from a maternity hospital: a case report","volume":"21","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328164547_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2009.08.011","article-title":"Outbreak of late-onset group B Streptococcus in a neonatal intensive care unit","volume":"38","author":"MacFarquhar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328164547_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13257","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1404067111","article-title":"Does aquaculture add resilience to the global food system?","volume":"111","author":"Troell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328164547_CIT0040","author":"Chong","year":"2010"}],"container-title":["Clinical Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/64\/suppl_2\/S145\/20915641\/cix021.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:52:55Z","timestamp":1601513575000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article\/64\/suppl_2\/S145\/3782664"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,29]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"suppl_2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/cix021","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-4838","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,15]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,29]]}}}