{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T06:57:44Z","timestamp":1784098664554,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"suppl_2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,4]],"date-time":"2018-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/igo\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,4]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix1141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]],"date-time":"2018-01-02T16:44:49Z","timestamp":1514911489000},"page":"S132-S139","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Causes and Timing of Mortality and Morbidity Among Late Presenters Starting Antiretroviral Therapy in the REALITY Trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Frank A","family":"Post","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander J","family":"Szubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J","family":"Prendergast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Mary University of London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hermione","family":"Lyall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felicity","family":"Fitzgerald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Musiime","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Godfrey","family":"Musoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Zimbabwe, Harare"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priscilla","family":"Chepkorir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Agutu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute\u2013Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Mallewa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Malawi-Liverpool\u2013Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chathurika","family":"Rajapakse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Wilkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Hakim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Zimbabwe, Harare"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Mugyenyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A Sarah","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana M","family":"Gibb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah L","family":"Pett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London"},{"name":"Institute for Global Health, University College London, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Reduction of EArly mortaLITY in HIV-infected adults and children starting antiretroviral therapy (REALITY) Trial Team","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Gibb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Thomason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A S","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Pett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Szubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Griffiths","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Wilkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Rajapakse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Spyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Prendergast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N Van","family":"Looy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Little","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Fairbrother","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Cowan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Seeley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Bernays","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Kawuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z","family":"Mupambireyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Kyomuhendo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Nakalanzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Peshu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Ndaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Chabuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Mkandawire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Matandika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Kapuya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Weller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Malianga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Mwansambo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Miiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Elyanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Bukusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Katabira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O","family":"Mugurungi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Gibb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Hakim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Etyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Mugyenyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Mallewa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Peto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Musoke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Matenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Phiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Lyall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Fitzgerald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Post","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Ssali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Prendergast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Arenas-Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Turkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Bamford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045909_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3182a39979","article-title":"Immunodeficiency at the start of combination antiretroviral therapy in low-, middle-, and high-income countries","volume":"65","author":"IeDEA and ART Cohort Collaborations","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045909_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001718","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001718","article-title":"Mortality in patients with HIV-1 infection starting antiretroviral therapy in South Africa, Europe, or North America: a collaborative analysis of prospective studies","volume":"11","author":"Boulle","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045909_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2263","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32833d45c5","article-title":"Temporal changes in programme outcomes among adult patients initiating antiretroviral therapy across South Africa, 2002\u20132007","volume":"24","author":"Cornell","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045909_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis797","article-title":"Mortality in the year following antiretroviral therapy initiation in HIV-infected adults and children in Uganda and Zimbabwe","volume":"55","author":"Walker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045909_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28691","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028691","article-title":"Early mortality in adults initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC): a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Gupta","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045909_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1615822","article-title":"Enhanced prophylaxis plus antiretroviral therapy for advanced HIV infection in Africa","volume":"377","author":"Hakim","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045909_CIT0007","article-title":"12-week raltegravir-intensified quadruple therapy versus triple first-line ART reduces viral load more rapidly but does not reduce mortality in severely immunosuppressed African HIV-infected adults and older children: the REALITY trial","volume-title":"AIDS 2016","author":"Kityo","year":"2016"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045909_CIT0008","article-title":"A randomized trial of ready-to-use supplementary food at ART initiation in Africa","volume-title":"Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections","author":"Mallewa","year":"2017"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045909_CIT0009","author":"Division of AIDS. Division of AIDS Table for Grading the Severity of Adult and Pediatric Adverse Events","year":"2004"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045909_CIT0010","author":"Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Pediatric Toxicity Tables","year":"2007"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045909_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000131375.21070.06","article-title":"Immune restoration disease after antiretroviral therapy","volume":"18","author":"French","year":"2004","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045909_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(08)70184-1","article-title":"Tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: case definitions for use in resource-limited settings","volume":"8","author":"Meintjes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045909_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1999.10474144","article-title":"A proportional hazards model for the subdistribution of a competing risk","volume":"94","author":"Fine","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045909_CIT0014","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2017"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045909_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30394-8","article-title":"Trends in antimicrobial resistance in bloodstream infection isolates at a large urban hospital in Malawi (1998\u20132016): a surveillance study","volume":"17","author":"Musicha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045909_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70026-8","article-title":"Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in patients starting antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045909_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e203","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050203","article-title":"Inflammatory and coagulation biomarkers and mortality in patients with HIV infection","volume":"5","author":"Kuller","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045909_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24243","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0024243","article-title":"Pre-ART levels of inflammation and coagulation markers are strong predictors of death in a South African cohort with advanced HIV disease","volume":"7","author":"Ledwaba","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045909_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw148","article-title":"Baseline inflammatory biomarkers identify subgroups of HIV-infected African children with differing responses to antiretroviral therapy","volume":"214","author":"Prendergast","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045909_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/89.7.505","article-title":"CD4 and total lymphocyte counts as predictors of HIV disease progression","volume":"89","author":"Post","year":"1996","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045909_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1086\/380792","article-title":"Use of total lymphocyte count for monitoring response to antiretroviral therapy","volume":"38","author":"Schreibman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045909_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S140","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix1142","article-title":"Late presentation with human immunodeficiency virus in Africa: phenotypes, risk and risk stratification in the REALITY trial","volume":"66","author":"Siika","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Clinical Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/66\/suppl_2\/S132\/25084498\/cix1141.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]],"date-time":"2022-08-11T14:20:29Z","timestamp":1660227629000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article\/66\/suppl_2\/S132\/4918990"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,4]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"suppl_2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/cix1141","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-4838","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,4]]}}}