{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T02:08:17Z","timestamp":1789956497571,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":124,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,15]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix462","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,11]],"date-time":"2017-05-11T23:10:30Z","timestamp":1494544230000},"page":"1412-1419","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["The Role of Patient Care Items as a Fomite in Healthcare-Associated Outbreaks and Infection Prevention"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Hajime","family":"Kanamori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William A","family":"Rutala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0001","volume-title":"Principles of epidemiology in public health practice, 3rd ed: an introduction to applied epidemiology and biostatistics","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2012"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0002","volume-title":"Guidelines for environmental infection control in health-care facilities. Recommendations from CDC and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC)","year":"2004"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0003","first-page":"1","article-title":"Guidelines for environmental infection control in health-care facilities: recommendations of CDC and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC)","volume":"52(RR-10)","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2003","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0004","author":"Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC)","year":"2008"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1086\/424667","article-title":"Contamination, disinfection, and cross-colonization: are hospital surfaces reservoirs for nosocomial infection?","volume":"39","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e3283630f04","article-title":"The role of the surface environment in healthcare-associated infections","volume":"26","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1086\/660363","article-title":"The role played by contaminated surfaces in the transmission of nosocomial pathogens","volume":"32","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0008","article-title":"Environmental issues and nosocomial infections","volume-title":"Infection control in intensive care","year":"1987"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2005.10.013","article-title":"Healthcare equipment as a source of nosocomial infection: a systematic review","volume":"63","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-6701(07)60015-2","article-title":"Environmental contamination makes an important contribution to hospital infection","volume":"65","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2008.01.014","article-title":"The contribution of beds to healthcare-associated infection: the importance of adequate decontamination","volume":"69","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2015.135","article-title":"Healthcare laundry and textiles in the United States: review and commentary on contemporary infection prevention issues","volume":"36","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1086\/675066","article-title":"Healthcare personnel attire in non-operating-room settings","volume":"35","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2015.02.017","article-title":"Role of healthcare apparel and other healthcare textiles in the transmission of pathogens: a review of the literature","volume":"90","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2016.192","article-title":"Healthcare personnel attire and devices as fomites: a systematic review","volume":"37","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2015.10.037","article-title":"Outbreaks of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections associated with duodenoscopes: what can we do to prevent infections?","volume":"44","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.12559","article-title":"Gastrointestinal endoscopes: a need to shift from disinfection to sterilization?","volume":"312","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2015.98","article-title":"ERCP scopes: what can we do to prevent infections?","volume":"36","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2016.03.029","article-title":"Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and endoscopy: an evolving threat","volume":"44","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2015.12.029","article-title":"Reprocessing semicritical items: current issues and new technologies","volume":"44","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw122","article-title":"Healthcare outbreaks associated with a water reservoir and infection prevention strategies","volume":"62","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ297","article-title":"Review of fungal outbreaks and infection prevention in healthcare settings during construction and renovation","volume":"61","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2015.10.039","article-title":"Monitoring and improving the effectiveness of surface cleaning and disinfection","volume":"44","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002","article-title":"Disinfection and sterilization in health care facilities: an overview and current issues","volume":"30","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-98","article-title":"Health care workers causing large nosocomial outbreaks: a systematic review","volume":"13","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.34.5.1193-1202.1996","article-title":"Validation of use of whole-cell repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence-based PCR (REP-PCR) for typing strains belonging to the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus\u2013Acinetobacter baumannii complex and application of the method to the investigation of a hospital outbreak","volume":"34","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01643394","article-title":"An outbreak of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus infection in a neonatal care unit","volume":"18","year":"1990","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-011-0152-4","article-title":"Ventilator-associated Acinetobacter baumannii pneumonia","volume":"48","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1086\/502272","article-title":"Epidemiologic investigation of Burkholderia cepacia acquisition in two pediatric intensive care units","volume":"24","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1053\/jhin.2001.1018","article-title":"Neonatal intensive care unit outbreak caused by a strain of Klebsiella oxytoca resistant to aztreonam due to overproduction of chromosomal beta-lactamase","volume":"48","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.2307\/30105127","article-title":"Nosocomial outbreak of Pseudomonas cepacia associated with contamination of reusable electronic ventilator temperature probes","volume":"14","year":"1993","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1053\/jhin.2001.1099","article-title":"Electronic ventilator temperature sensors as a potential source of respiratory tract colonization with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia","volume":"49","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/0195-6701(87)90031-4","article-title":"Nosocomial legionellosis associated with use of oxygen bubble humidifiers and underwater chest drains","volume":"10","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit176","article-title":"First outbreak of nosocomial Legionella infection in term neonates caused by a cold mist ultrasonic humidifier","volume":"57","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6441a4","article-title":"Mycobacterium chelonae eye infections associated with humidifier use in an outpatient LASIK clinic\u2014Ohio, 2015","volume":"64","year":"2015","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/22.2.222","article-title":"Acremonium kiliense endophthalmitis that occurred after cataract extraction in an ambulatory surgical center and was traced to an environmental reservoir","volume":"22","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.2307\/30141547","article-title":"An outbreak of Burkholderia cepacia lower respiratory tract infection associated with contaminated albuterol nebulization solution","volume":"17","year":"1996","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3809","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.12.3809-3814.1999","article-title":"Molecular epidemiological investigation using a randomly amplified polymorphic DNA assay of Burkholderia cepacia isolates from nosocomial outbreaks","volume":"37","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1086\/501928","article-title":"Burkholderia cepacia lower respiratory tract infection associated with exposure to a respiratory therapist","volume":"22","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.01.001","article-title":"A National Guard outbreak of Burkholderia cepacia infection and colonization secondary to intrinsic contamination of albuterol nebulization solution","volume":"33","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.130.5.1346","article-title":"An outbreak of Burkholderia cepacia associated with contamination of albuterol and nasal spray","volume":"130","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2006.03.003","article-title":"Outbreak of Burkholderia cepacia bacteremia in immunocompetent children caused by contaminated nebulized sulbutamol in Saudi Arabia","volume":"34","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1706","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.103.6.1706","article-title":"Clinical features of Pseudomonas cepacia pneumonia in an epidemic among immunocompromised patients","volume":"103","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-6701(03)00263-9","article-title":"Ultra-sonic nebulizers as a potential source of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus causing an outbreak in a university tertiary care hospital","volume":"55","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/163.3.667","article-title":"Nosocomial Legionnaires\u2019 disease and use of medication nebulizers","volume":"163","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/0195-6701(94)90103-1","article-title":"Outbreak of gentamicin, ciprofloxacin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an intensive care unit, traced to contaminated quivers","volume":"28","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1086\/501668","article-title":"Two consecutive outbreaks of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (Xanthomonas maltophilia) in an intensive-care unit defined by restriction fragment-length polymorphism typing","volume":"20","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2003.09.024","article-title":"Investigation of an outbreak of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in trauma intensive care unit","volume":"56","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2013.07.008","article-title":"Outbreak of postoperative empyema caused by Serratia marcescens in a thoracic surgery unit","volume":"85","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199109000-00009","article-title":"Transmission of Salmonella worthington by oropharyngeal suction in hospital neonatal unit","volume":"10","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-200X.1999.4121033.x","article-title":"Enterobacter aerogenes outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit","volume":"41","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-6701(99)90426-7","article-title":"An outbreak of neonatal infection with Acinetobacter linked to contaminated suction catheters","volume":"43","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0053","first-page":"1238","article-title":"Clinical and microbiological profile of nosocomial infections in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU)","volume":"41","year":"2004","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2008.73","article-title":"Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in neonatal intensive care unit","volume":"28","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2015.12.017","article-title":"Successful control of an outbreak of GES-5 extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a long-term care facility in Japan","volume":"93","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2004.04.009","article-title":"Outbreak of nosocomial meningitis caused by Acinetobacter baumannii in neurosurgical patients","volume":"57","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0057","first-page":"1","article-title":"Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. Guidelines for preventing health-care-associated pneumonia, 2003: recommendations of CDC and the healthcare infection control practices advisory committee","volume":"53","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2004","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.2307\/30147068","article-title":"Reduction in the incidence of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in an acute care hospital and a skilled nursing facility following replacement of electronic thermometers with single-use disposables","volume":"13","year":"1992","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-117-2-112","article-title":"Hospital-acquired infection with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium transmitted by electronic thermometers","volume":"117","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.2307\/30141374","article-title":"Reduction in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus and Clostridium difficile infections following change to tympanic thermometers","volume":"19","year":"1998","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.2307\/30141397","article-title":"A randomized crossover study of disposable thermometers for prevention of Clostridium difficile and other nosocomial infections","volume":"19","year":"1998","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1053\/jhin.1999.0657","article-title":"Enterobacter cloacae outbreak in the NICU related to disinfected thermometers","volume":"45","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1053\/jhin.2002.1186","article-title":"Management of an outbreak of Enterobacter cloacae in a neonatal unit using simple preventive measures","volume":"51","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.2307\/30141323","article-title":"Epidemiological study of hospital-acquired infection with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium: possible transmission by an electronic ear-probe thermometer","volume":"18","year":"1997","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1053\/jhin.2001.1066","article-title":"A simultaneous outbreak on a neonatal unit of two strains of multiply antibiotic resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae controllable only by ward closure","volume":"49","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1086\/501729","article-title":"An outbreak of pyodermas among neonates caused by ultrasound gel contaminated with methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"21","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1086\/503343","article-title":"Sustained endemicity of Burkholderia cepacia complex in a pediatric institution, associated with contaminated ultrasound gel","volume":"27","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2015.06.009","article-title":"Polyclonal outbreak of bacteremia caused by Burkholderia cepacia complex and the presumptive role of ultrasound gel","volume":"19","year":"2015","journal-title":"Braz J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.11.021","article-title":"Prolonged postprocedural outbreak of Mycobacterium massiliense infections associated with ultrasound transmission gel","volume":"22","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2007.03.019","article-title":"An increased incidence of Enterobacter cloacae in a cardiovascular ward","volume":"66","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-012-0542-0","article-title":"Nosocomial outbreak of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa caused by damaged transesophageal echocardiogram probe used in cardiovascular surgical operations","volume":"19","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/QMH.0000000000000078","article-title":"A hospital-wide outbreak of Serratia marcescens, and Ishikawa\u2019s \u201cfishbone\u201d analysis to support outbreak control","volume":"25","year":"2016","journal-title":"Qual Manag Health Care"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2016.85","article-title":"Nosocomial outbreak of a novel extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase Salmonella enterica serotype Isangi among surgical patients","volume":"37","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1086\/502263","article-title":"A nosocomial outbreak of Legionella pneumophila caused by contaminated transesophageal echocardiography probes","volume":"24","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2016.11","article-title":"Effectiveness of a hydrogen peroxide mist (Trophon) system in inactivating healthcare pathogens on surface and endocavitary probes","volume":"37","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1086\/502367","article-title":"Nosocomial Serratia marcescens outbreak in Osaka, Japan, from 1999 to 2000","volume":"25","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2009.01.010","article-title":"Outbreak of Serratia marcescens in a neonatal intensive care unit: contaminated unmedicated liquid soap and risk factors","volume":"72","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17064","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017064","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa hospital outbreak driven by a contaminated disinfectant-soap dispenser","volume":"6","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dku521","article-title":"Dynamics of MDR Enterobacter cloacae outbreaks in a neonatal unit in Nepal: insights using wider sampling frames and next-generation sequencing","volume":"70","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0080","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2009"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4217","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00138-07","article-title":"Outbreaks associated with contaminated antiseptics and disinfectants","volume":"51","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1053\/jhin.2000.0860","article-title":"An outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection associated with contaminated urodynamic equipment","volume":"47","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2433","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.27.11.2433-2436.1989","article-title":"Epidemic of Serratia marcescens bacteremia in a cardiac intensive care unit","volume":"27","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1086\/501610","article-title":"Long-lasting contamination of a vitrectomy apparatus with Serratia marcescens","volume":"20","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1053\/jhin.2001.0941","article-title":"Critical care unit outbreak of Serratia liquefaciens from contaminated pressure monitoring equipment","volume":"47","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.2307\/30144308","article-title":"Safe and cost-effective cleaning of pressure-monitoring transducers","volume":"9","year":"1988","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1017\/S0195941700061609","article-title":"70% alcohol disinfection of transducer heads: experimental trials","volume":"6","year":"1985","journal-title":"Infect Control"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1067\/mic.2003.70","article-title":"A cluster of nosocomial Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections in a neonatal intensive care department: identification of transmission and intervention","volume":"31","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5094","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.11.5094-5101.2004","article-title":"Outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa producing VIM-8, a novel metallo-beta-lactamase, in a tertiary care center in Cali, Colombia","volume":"42","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1086\/502380","article-title":"Outbreak of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in a neonatal intensive care unit linked to artificial nails","volume":"25","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.6726","article-title":"Genetic relatedness of clinical and environmental Acinetobacter baumanii isolates from an intensive care unit outbreak","volume":"9","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1007\/s100960050168","article-title":"Investigation of an outbreak of wound infections due to Alcaligenes xylosoxidans transmitted by chlorhexidine in a burns unit","volume":"17","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2014.07.012","article-title":"Achromobacter bacteraemia outbreak in a paediatric onco-haematology department related to strain with high surviving ability in contaminated disinfectant atomizers","volume":"89","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.06268-11","article-title":"Pseudo-outbreak of extremely drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa urinary tract infections due to contamination of an automated urine analyzer","volume":"50","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1086\/589903","article-title":"Outbreak of Shewanella algae and Shewanella putrefaciens infections caused by a shared measuring cup in a general surgery unit in Korea","volume":"29","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2004.05.003","article-title":"A nosocomial outbreak of Salmonella enteritidis associated with lyophilized enteral nutrition","volume":"58","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1086\/501617","article-title":"Investigation of a nosocomial outbreak due to Serratia marcescens in a maternity hospital","volume":"20","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2014.0054","article-title":"A milk pump as a source for spreading Acinetobacter baumannii in a neonatal intensive care unit","volume":"9","year":"2014","journal-title":"Breastfeed Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1053\/jhin.2000.0837","article-title":"An outbreak of Serratia marcescens in two neonatal intensive care units","volume":"46","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1086\/502476","article-title":"Transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to preterm infants through breast milk","volume":"25","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2010.02.002","article-title":"Investigation of an outbreak of Serratia marcescens in a neonatal intensive care unit","volume":"44","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2013.01.043","article-title":"Bacillus cereus and severe intestinal infections in preterm neonates: putative role of pooled breast milk","volume":"41","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2015.05.002","article-title":"Outbreak of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli transmitted through breast milk sharing in a neonatal intensive care unit","volume":"92","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1086\/501806","article-title":"Outbreak of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in a burn unit","volume":"21","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1992.00400160129025","article-title":"An outbreak of Serratia marcescens in 14 adult cardiac surgical patients associated with 12-lead electrocardiogram bulbs","volume":"152","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E18","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.106.2.e18","article-title":"Bacterial colonization of toys in neonatal intensive care cots","volume":"106","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2003.10.018","article-title":"Toys in a pediatric hospital: are they a bacterial source?","volume":"32","author":"Safe Toys Study Group","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199806000-00015","article-title":"Multiresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa outbreak in a pediatric oncology ward related to bath toys","volume":"17","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2007.09.008","article-title":"A Chryseobacterium meningosepticum outbreak observed in 3 clusters involving both neonatal and non-neonatal pediatric patients","volume":"36","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2008.07.009","article-title":"What is on that keyboard? Detecting hidden environmental reservoirs of Clostridium difficile during an outbreak associated with North American pulsed-field gel electrophoresis type 1 strains","volume":"37","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2008.09.001","article-title":"Laboratory and in-use assessment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus contamination of ergonomic computer keyboards for ward use","volume":"36","author":"Keyboard Study Group","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0112","first-page":"w13540","article-title":"Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus","volume":"142","year":"2012","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-1304-126","article-title":"Clonal comparison of Acinetobacter strains isolated from intensive care patients and the intensive care unit environment","volume":"44","year":"2014","journal-title":"Turk J Med Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03493.x","article-title":"Mobile phone technology and hospitalized patients: a cross-sectional surveillance study of bacterial colonization, and patient opinions and behaviours","volume":"17","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e111250","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0111250","article-title":"Surface microbiology of the iPad tablet computer and the potential to serve as a fomite in both inpatient practice settings as well as outside of the hospital environment","volume":"9","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2014.03.023","article-title":"Outbreak of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae neurosurgical site infections associated with a contaminated shaving razor used for preoperative scalp shaving","volume":"42","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2014.09.013","article-title":"Outbreak of Serratia marcescens postoperative infection traced to barbers and razors","volume":"89","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00152689","article-title":"Tinea corporis caused by Microsporum canis: report of a nosocomial outbreak","volume":"4","year":"1988","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.3109\/17453670902930016","article-title":"Tourniquets and exsanguinators: a potential source of infection in the orthopedic operating theater?","volume":"80","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.5694\/mja11.10333","article-title":"Reusable venesection tourniquets: a potential source of hospital transmission of multiresistant organisms","volume":"195","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-013-1458-2","article-title":"Do wheelchairs spread pathogenic bacteria within hospital walls?","volume":"30","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e78512","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0078512","article-title":"Contamination of medical charts: an important source of potential infection in hospitals","volume":"9","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0123","first-page":"491","article-title":"Environmental issues and nosocomial infections","volume-title":"Prevention and control of nosocomial infections","year":"1997"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170929140638_CIT0124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1086\/676877","article-title":"Selection of the ideal disinfectant","volume":"35","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["Clinical Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/65\/8\/1412\/20389117\/cix462.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,7]],"date-time":"2020-10-07T06:48:02Z","timestamp":1602053282000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article\/65\/8\/1412\/3829616\/The-Role-of-Patient-Care-Items-as-a-Fomite-in"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,17]]},"references-count":124,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/cix462","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-4838","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,17]]}}}