{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T14:23:54Z","timestamp":1790519034269,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,30]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,7]],"date-time":"2017-07-07T07:13:40Z","timestamp":1499411620000},"page":"1703-1710","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["The Risk and Predictors of Visceral Leishmaniasis Relapse in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Coinfected Patients in Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Charles","family":"Abongomera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res, Abdurafi, Ethiopia"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ermias","family":"Diro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Gondar, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Vogt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Achilleas","family":"Tsoumanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zelalem","family":"Mekonnen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res, Abdurafi, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henok","family":"Admassu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res, Abdurafi, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Colebunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rezika","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Gondar, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koert","family":"Ritmeijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Department, M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"van Griensven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180306232551_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67629-5","article-title":"Advances in leishmaniasis","volume":"366","author":"Murray","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180306232551_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35671","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035671","article-title":"Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence","volume":"7","author":"Alvar","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180306232551_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.10.2.298","article-title":"Leishmania and human immunodeficiency virus coinfection: the first 10 years","volume":"10","author":"Alvar","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180306232551_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00061-07","article-title":"The relationship between leishmaniasis and AIDS: the second 10 years","volume":"21","author":"Alvar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180306232551_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2869","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002869","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis and HIV coinfection in East Africa","volume":"8","author":"Diro","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180306232551_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1153","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001153","article-title":"Predictors of visceral leishmaniasis relapse in HIV-infected patients: a systematic review","volume":"5","author":"Cota","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180306232551_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1086\/587899","article-title":"Concordant HIV infection and visceral leishmaniasis in Ethiopia: the influence of antiretroviral treatment and other factors on outcome","volume":"46","author":"ter Horst","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180306232551_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004087","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004087","article-title":"Use of pentamidine as secondary prophylaxis to prevent visceral leishmaniasis relapse in HIV infected patients, the first twelve months of a prospective cohort study","volume":"9","author":"Diro","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180306232551_CIT0009","volume-title":"Control of the leishmaniases","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2010"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180306232551_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.80.929","article-title":"Field evaluation of rK39 test and direct agglutination test for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in a population with high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus in Ethiopia","volume":"80","author":"ter Horst","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180306232551_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.33.7.1742-1745.1995","article-title":"Leish-KIT, a stable direct agglutination test based on freeze-dried antigen for serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"33","author":"Meredith","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180306232551_CIT0012","volume-title":"M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res kala azar manual","author":"M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res","year":"2014"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180306232551_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e152","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir674","article-title":"Limited effectiveness of high-dose liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) for treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in an Ethiopian population with high HIV prevalence","volume":"53","author":"Ritmeijer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180306232551_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1983.32.475","article-title":"Quantitation of amastigotes of Leishmania donovani in smears of splenic aspirates from patients with visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"32","author":"Chulay","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180306232551_CIT0015","volume-title":"Treatment of tuberculosis: guidelines","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2010"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180306232551_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32830007cd","article-title":"Early mortality among adults accessing antiretroviral treatment programmes in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"22","author":"Lawn","year":"2008","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180306232551_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X0400400301","article-title":"Multiple imputation of missing values","volume":"4","author":"Royston","year":"2004","journal-title":"Stata J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180306232551_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp107","article-title":"Competing risk regression models for epidemiologic data","volume":"170","author":"Lau","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180306232551_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19970430)16:8<901::AID-SIM543>3.0.CO;2-M","article-title":"Non-parametric inference for cumulative incidence functions in competing risks studies","volume":"16","author":"Lin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180306232551_CIT0020","first-page":"1","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis and HIV co-infection in Bihar, India: long-term effectiveness and treatment outcomes with liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome)","volume":"8","author":"Burza","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180306232551_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1086\/505217","article-title":"A comparison of miltefosine and sodium stibogluconate for treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in an Ethiopian population with high prevalence of HIV infection","volume":"43","author":"Ritmeijer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180306232551_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e91","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir521","article-title":"Liposomal amphotericin B for visceral leishmaniasis in human immunodeficiency virus-coinfected patients: 2-year treatment outcomes in Bihar, India","volume":"53","author":"Sinha","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180306232551_CIT0023","volume-title":"The use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2016"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180306232551_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2875","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002875","article-title":"High parasitological failure rate of visceral leishmaniasis to sodium stibogluconate among HIV co-infected adults in Ethiopia","volume":"8","author":"Diro","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"}],"container-title":["Clinical Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/65\/10\/1703\/24266855\/cix607.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,11]],"date-time":"2020-10-11T15:22:49Z","timestamp":1602429769000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article\/65\/10\/1703\/3980129"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,20]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/cix607","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.732062552.793538902","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-4838","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,15]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,20]]}}}