{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T16:13:09Z","timestamp":1761581589792,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,23]],"date-time":"2017-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001349","name":"National Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["H1N1-005","PPG10-09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H1N1-005","PPG10-09"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,13]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix694","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,7]],"date-time":"2017-08-07T12:23:49Z","timestamp":1502108629000},"page":"1905-1913","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Epidemiology and Relative Severity of Influenza Subtypes in Singapore in the Post-Pandemic Period from 2009 to 2010"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Ee Hui","family":"Goh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, National University of Singapore,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, National University of Singapore,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jung Pu","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, National University of Singapore,"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda Wei Lin","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, National University of Singapore,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei Yen","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, National University of Singapore,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meng Chee","family":"Phoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yee Sin","family":"Leo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian G","family":"Barr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, VIDRL, Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincent Tak Kwong","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vernon J","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, National University of Singapore,"},{"name":"Biodefence Centre, Singapore Armed Forces"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cui","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raymond","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore"},{"name":"National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sapna P","family":"Sadarangani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barnaby","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark I-Cheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, National University of Singapore,"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,23]]},"reference":[{"author":"World Health Organization","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328170619_CIT0001"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328170619_CIT0002","first-page":"21","article-title":"Epidemiology of travel-associated pandemic (H1N1) 2009 infection in 116 patients, Singapore","volume":"16","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Electr J Surg"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328170619_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10036","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010036","article-title":"Real-time epidemic monitoring and forecasting of H1N1-2009 using influenza-like illness from general practice and family doctor clinics in Singapore","volume":"5","author":"Ong","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328170619_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.V39N4p313","article-title":"Influenza A (H1n1-2009) pandemic in Singapore\u2014public health control measures implemented and lessons learnt","volume":"39","author":"Tay","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Acad Med Singapore"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328170619_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e563","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-2659.2011.00282.x","article-title":"Influenza disease burden in adults by subtypes following the initial epidemic of pandemic H1N1 in Singapore","volume":"5","author":"Win","year":"2011","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir Viruses"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328170619_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00150","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00150-11","article-title":"Why do influenza virus subtypes die out? A hypothesis","volume":"2","author":"Palese","year":"2011","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328170619_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1086\/498980","article-title":"Prior H1N1 influenza infection and susceptibility of Cleveland Family Study participants during the H2N2 pandemic of 1957: an experiment of nature","volume":"193","author":"Epstein","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328170619_CIT0008","first-page":"297.202","article-title":"The effect of a previous attack of A1 influenza on susceptibility to A2 virus during the 1957 outbreak","volume":"20","author":"Slepushkin","year":"1959","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328170619_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1086\/515616","article-title":"Pandemic versus epidemic influenza mortality: a pattern of changing age distribution","volume":"178","author":"Simonsen","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328170619_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.02.065","article-title":"Gradual changes in the age distribution of excess deaths in the years following the 1918 influenza pandemic in Copenhagen: using epidemiological evidence to detect antigenic drift","volume":"29","author":"Saglanmak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328170619_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-2659.2011.00303.x","article-title":"Impact of the 2009\/2010 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic on trends in influenza hospitalization, diagnostic testing, and treatment","volume":"6","author":"Hernandez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Influenza and Other Respir Viruses"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328170619_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S75","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq012","article-title":"Estimating the burden of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) in the United States (April 2009\u2013April 2010)","volume":"52","author":"Shrestha","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"author":"National University of Singapore","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328170619_CIT0013"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328170619_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1708.101270","article-title":"Risk factors for pandemic (H1N1) 2009 seroconversion among adults, Singapore, 2009","volume":"17","author":"Lim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328170619_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12129","article-title":"Factors influencing infection by pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 over three epidemic waves in Singapore","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir Viruses"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328170619_CIT0016","first-page":"e12474.58","article-title":"Serological response in RT-PCR confirmed H1N1-2009 influenza a by hemagglutination inhibition and virus neutralization assays: an observational study","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328170619_CIT0017","first-page":"B17","volume-title":"World Health Organization Collaborating Centers for Reference and Research on Influenza: concepts and procedures for laboratory-based influenza surveillance","author":"Kendal","year":"1982"},{"author":"World Health Organization","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328170619_CIT0018"},{"year":"2010","author":"Singapore Ministry of Health","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328170619_CIT0019"},{"volume-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing","year":"2015","author":"R Core Team","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328170619_CIT0020"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328170619_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1307.061313","article-title":"Influenza pandemics in Singapore, a tropical, globally connected city","volume":"13","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328170619_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.V37N6p470","article-title":"Twentieth century influenza pandemics in Singapore","volume":"37","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Acad Med Singapore"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328170619_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336.121","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-12-336","article-title":"Teacher led school-based surveillance can allow accurate tracking of emerging infectious diseases\u2014evidence from serial cross-sectional surveys of febrile respiratory illness during the H1N1 2009 influenza pandemic in Singapore","volume":"12","author":"Soh","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328170619_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1554.1610","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1610.100516","article-title":"Risk factors for pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus seroconversion among hospital staff, Singapore","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328170619_CIT0025","first-page":"684","article-title":"Risk factors of influenza transmission in households","volume":"54","author":"Viboud","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328170619_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8096.412","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008096","article-title":"Influenza excess mortality from 1950\u20132000 in tropical Singapore","volume":"4","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328170619_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01509","article-title":"Ecological and immunological determinants of influenza evolution","volume":"422","author":"Ferguson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328170619_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201411-1988OC","article-title":"Natural T cell-mediated protection against seasonal and pandemic influenza. Results of the Flu Watch Cohort study","volume":"191","author":"Hayward","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328170619_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.04.010","article-title":"Comparison of neutralizing antibody and cell-mediated immune responses to pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza virus before and after H1N1 2009 influenza vaccination of elderly subjects and healthcare workers","volume":"16","author":"Hsu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328170619_CIT0030","first-page":"124","article-title":"Differences between predicted cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes of 2009 H1N1 swine-origin influenza virus compared with other H1N1 strains of 1918, 1934 and 2007 for HLA-A*0201, HLA* 1101, n HLA-A*2402 alleles: clinical implications","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Integr Biol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328170619_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2573","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1200039109","article-title":"Hemagglutinin stalk antibodies elicited by the 2009 pandemic influenza virus as a mechanism for the extinction of seasonal H1N1 viruses","volume":"109","author":"Pica","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328170619_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6852","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.08.031","article-title":"Inactivated trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine induces limited cross-reactive neutralizing antibody responses against 2009 pandemic and 1934 PR8 H1N1 strains","volume":"28","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328170619_CIT0033","first-page":"17.16","article-title":"Seasonal influenza vaccination and the risk of infection with pandemic influenza: a possible illustration of non-specific temporary immunity following infection","volume":"16","author":"Kelly","year":"2010","journal-title":"Challenge"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328170619_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pii: 19354.1440","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.14.40.19354-en","article-title":"Does viral interference affect spread of influenza?","volume":"14","author":"Linde","year":"2009","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328170619_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1256427","article-title":"Antibody landscapes after influenza virus infection or vaccination","volume":"346","author":"Fonville","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328170619_CIT0036","first-page":"572","article-title":"On the doctrine of original antigenic sin","volume":"104","author":"Francis","year":"1960","journal-title":"Proc Am Philos Soc"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328170619_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw816","article-title":"Intraseason waning of influenza vaccine protection: evidence from the US Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network, 2011\u201312 through 2014\u201315","volume":"64","author":"Ferdinands","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328170619_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003061","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003061","article-title":"Influenza infection rates, measurement errors and the interpretation of paired serology","volume":"8","author":"Cauchemez","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180328170619_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414.141","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-414","article-title":"Rate of decline of antibody titers to pandemic influenza A (H1N1-2009) by hemagglutination inhibition and virus microneutralization assays in a cohort of seroconverting adults in Singapore","volume":"14","author":"Hsu","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Clinical Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/65\/11\/1905\/24267052\/cix694.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T20:52:11Z","timestamp":1750798331000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article\/65\/11\/1905\/4210640"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,23]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/cix694","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1058-4838"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1537-6591"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,23]]}}}