{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T18:21:30Z","timestamp":1783189290062,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"suppl_2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,4]],"date-time":"2018-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/igo\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,4]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,16]],"date-time":"2018-02-16T20:11:14Z","timestamp":1518811874000},"page":"S147-S151","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Priorities for Decreasing Morbidity and Mortality in Children With Advanced HIV Disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Lisa","family":"Frigati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Tygerberg Hospital and Stellenbosch University, Cape Town"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moherdran","family":"Archary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of KwaZulu Natal, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, Berea, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Rabie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Tygerberg Hospital and Stellenbosch University, Cape Town"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Penazzato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045829_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(17)30167-4","article-title":"Urgent versus post-stabilisation antiretroviral treatment in hospitalised HIV-infected children in Kenya (PUSH): a randomised controlled trial","volume":"5","author":"Njuguna","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045829_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-7-13","article-title":"Preliminary outcomes of a paediatric highly active antiretroviral therapy cohort from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa","volume":"7","author":"Reddi","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045829_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e318042d613","article-title":"Early response to highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1-infected Kenyan children","volume":"45","author":"Wamalwa","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045829_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-10-33","article-title":"Predictors of mortality in HIV-1 infected children on antiretroviral therapy in Kenya: a prospective cohort","volume":"10","author":"Wamalwa","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045829_CIT0005","article-title":"Long-term trends in mortality and AIDS-defining events among perinatally HIV-infected children across Europe and Thailand","volume-title":"J International AIDS Society","author":"Judd","year":"2016"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045829_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis797","article-title":"Mortality in the year following antiretroviral therapy initiation in HIV-infected adults and children in Uganda and Zimbabwe","volume":"55","author":"Walker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045829_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e438","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(15)00137-X","article-title":"Causes of hospital admission among people living with HIV worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Ford","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045829_CIT0008","volume-title":"Guidelines for managing advanced HIV disease and rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy, July 2017","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2017"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045829_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1615822","article-title":"Enhanced prophylaxis plus antiretroviral therapy for advanced HIV infection in Africa","volume":"377","author":"Hakim","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045829_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60164-7","article-title":"Cryptococcal meningitis screening and community-based early adherence support in people with advanced HIV infection starting antiretroviral therapy in Tanzania and Zambia: an open-label, randomised controlled trial","volume":"385","author":"Mfinanga","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045829_CIT0011","volume-title":"Consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection: recommendations for a public health approach","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2016"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045829_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e81037","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0081037","article-title":"Temporal trends in the characteristics of children at antiretroviral therapy initiation in southern Africa: the IeDEA-SA Collaboration","volume":"8","author":"Davies","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045829_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2233","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0800971","article-title":"Early antiretroviral therapy and mortality among HIV-infected infants","volume":"359","author":"Violari","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045829_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1177\/1545109711409942","article-title":"Clinical outcomes and hospitalizations among children perinatally infected with HIV-1 in Baja California, Mexico","volume":"10","author":"Viani","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care (Chic)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045829_CIT0015","first-page":"364","article-title":"Characteristics of HIV-infected children seen in western Kenya","volume":"86","author":"Nyandiko","year":"2009","journal-title":"East Afr Med J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045829_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000178","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000178","article-title":"Causes of acute hospitalization in adolescence: burden and spectrum of HIV-related morbidity in a country with an early-onset and severe HIV epidemic: a prospective survey","volume":"7","author":"Ferrand","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045829_CIT0017","article-title":"PMTCT and clinical profile of hospitalized HIV-infected children in an era of high PMTCT uptake and efficacy [abstract 137:127]","volume-title":"Reviews in Antiviral and Infectious Diseases, 2017_7","author":"Du Plooy"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045829_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2016-209421","article-title":"The impact of HIV and antiretroviral therapy on TB risk in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"72","author":"Dodd","year":"2017","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045829_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.12.0740","article-title":"Impact of expanded antiretroviral use on incidence and prevalence of tuberculosis in children with HIV in Kenya","volume":"17","author":"Abuogi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045829_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-016-0593-7","article-title":"Tuberculosis incidence is high in HIV-infected African children but is reduced by co-trimoxazole and time on antiretroviral therapy","volume":"14","author":"Crook","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045829_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39000.486400.55","article-title":"Effect of isoniazid prophylaxis on mortality and incidence of tuberculosis in children with HIV: randomised controlled trial","volume":"334","author":"Zar","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045829_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1011214","article-title":"Primary isoniazid prophylaxis against tuberculosis in HIV-exposed children","volume":"365","author":"Madhi","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045829_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis598","article-title":"Rapid molecular diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in children using nasopharyngeal specimens","volume":"55","author":"Zar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045829_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70245-1","article-title":"Assessment of the Xpert MTB\/RIF assay for diagnosis of tuberculosis with gastric lavage aspirates in children in sub-Saharan Africa: a prospective descriptive study","volume":"13","author":"Bates","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045829_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(11)70167-0","article-title":"Accuracy of the Xpert MTB\/RIF test for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in children admitted to hospital in Cape Town, South Africa: a descriptive study","volume":"11","author":"Nicol","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045829_CIT0026","volume-title":"The use of lateral flow urine lipoarabinomannan assay (LF-LAM) for the diagnosis and screening of active tuberculosis in people living with HIV: policy guidance","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2015"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045829_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e278","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(14)70195-0","article-title":"Urine lipoarabinomannan testing for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in children: a prospective study","volume":"2","author":"Nicol","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045829_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200201040-00013","article-title":"The high burden of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in African HIV-1-infected children hospitalized for severe pneumonia","volume":"16","author":"Ruffini","year":"2002","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045829_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11082-8","article-title":"Lung diseases at necropsy in African children dying from respiratory illnesses: a descriptive necropsy study","volume":"360","author":"Chintu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045829_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17442-4","article-title":"Co-trimoxazole as prophylaxis against opportunistic infections in HIV-infected Zambian children (CHAP): a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"364","author":"Chintu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045829_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1214901","article-title":"A randomized trial of prolonged co-trimoxazole in HIV-infected children in Africa","volume":"370","author":"Bwakura-Dangarembizi","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045829_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)71011-4","article-title":"The expanding role of co-trimoxazole in developing countries","volume":"15","author":"Church","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045829_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60670-9","article-title":"Effect of age, polymicrobial disease, and maternal HIV status on treatment response and cause of severe pneumonia in South African children: a prospective descriptive study","volume":"369","author":"McNally","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045829_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.21228","article-title":"CMV pneumonia in HIV-infected ventilated infants","volume":"45","author":"Goussard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045829_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu096","article-title":"Birth prevalence of congenital cytomegalovirus among infants of HIV-infected women on prenatal antiretroviral prophylaxis in South Africa","volume":"58","author":"Manicklal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045829_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix430","article-title":"Advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease in Botswana following successful antiretroviral therapy rollout: incidence of and temporal trends in cryptococcal meningitis","volume":"65","author":"Tenforde","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045829_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000480","article-title":"Complicated and protracted cryptococcal disease in HIV-infected children","volume":"34","author":"Hassan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045829_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283570567","article-title":"A comparison of cases of paediatric-onset and adult-onset cryptococcosis detected through population-based surveillance, 2005\u20132007","volume":"26","author":"Meiring","year":"2012","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045829_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)62198-9","article-title":"Routine versus clinically driven laboratory monitoring and first-line antiretroviral therapy strategies in African children with HIV (ARROW): a 5-year open-label randomised factorial trial","volume":"381","author":"ARROW Trial Team","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045829_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e318220a68b","article-title":"Bacteremia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children in Cape Town, South Africa","volume":"30","author":"le Roux","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045829_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31828c3991","article-title":"Bacteremia, causative agents and antimicrobial susceptibility among HIV-1-infected children on antiretroviral therapy in Uganda and Zimbabwe","volume":"32","author":"Musiime","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045829_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1080\/20469047.2016.1198561","article-title":"Bacterial infections in HIV-infected children admitted with severe acute malnutrition in Durban, South Africa","volume":"37","author":"Archary","year":"2017","journal-title":"Paediatr Int Child Health"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045829_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0b013e3282fe9693","article-title":"Pediatric HIV immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome","volume":"3","author":"Boulware","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Opin HIV AIDS"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045829_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.16.1888","article-title":"Clinical outcomes and CD4 cell response in children receiving antiretroviral therapy at primary health care facilities in Zambia","volume":"298","author":"Bolton-Moore","year":"2007","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045829_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2381","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32833dfc68","article-title":"Randomized placebo-controlled trial of prednisone for paradoxical tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Meintjes","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045829_CIT0046","unstructured":"Archary M , SartoriusB, La RussaPet al HIV infected children with severe acute malnutrition. Early versus delayed initiation [abstract 817LB]. In: Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Seattle, WA, 2017."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045829_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3182405f8f","article-title":"Prompt initiation of ART with therapeutic food is associated with improved outcomes in HIV-infected Malawian children with malnutrition","volume":"59","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180626045829_CIT0048","unstructured":"Gibb DM , Bwakura-DangarembiziM, AbhyankarDet al Sulfamethoxazole\/trimethoprim\/isoniazid\/pyridoxine scored tablets are bioequivalent to individual products and are acceptable to patients with advanced HIV infection in the REALITY trial. In: 46th Union World Conference on Lung Health, Cape Town, South Africa, 2015."}],"container-title":["Clinical Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/66\/suppl_2\/S147\/25084435\/ciy013.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,14]],"date-time":"2022-08-14T13:06:05Z","timestamp":1660482365000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article\/66\/suppl_2\/S147\/4918993"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,4]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"suppl_2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciy013","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-4838","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,4]]}}}