{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T21:01:16Z","timestamp":1762376476594,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,26]],"date-time":"2018-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-AI083059","T32 AI102623","F30-MH09873","T32-GM008719","T32 AI070114","K08AI112432","P30-AI50410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-AI083059","T32 AI102623","F30-MH09873","T32-GM008719","T32 AI070114","K08AI112432","P30-AI50410"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Understanding sexual networks involving acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infections (AHI) may lead to prevention opportunities to mitigate high rates of onward transmission. We evaluated HIV-1 phylogenetic and behavioral characteristics among persons with AHI and their referred partners.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Between 2012 and 2014, 46 persons with AHI in Malawi participated in a combined behavioral and biomedical intervention. Participants referred sexual partners by passive referral. Demographics and sexual behaviors were collected through interviews and HIV-1 genetic relationships were assessed with phylogenetics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 45 AHI participants with HIV-1 sequences, none was phylogenetically-linked with another AHI index. There were 19 (42%) AHI participants who referred a single partner that returned for testing. Most partners (n = 17) were HIV-infected, with 15 (88%) presenting with an established infection. There were 14 index-partner pairs that had sequences available; 13 (93%) pairs were phylogenetically-linked dyads. The AHI index was female in 7\/13 (54%) dyads. Age-disparate relationships among dyads were common (\u22655-year age difference in 67% of dyads), including 3\/6 dyads involving a male index and a younger woman. Index participants with a referred partner were more likely to report no casual partners and to be living with their current partner than participants not in dyads.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Passive-partner referral successfully identified partners with genetically-similar HIV infections\u2014the likely source of infection\u2014but only 40% of index cases referred partners who presented for HIV-1 testing. Future work evaluating assisted partner notification may help reach susceptible partners or more people with untreated HIV-1 infections connected to acute transmission.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical Trials Registration<\/jats:title><jats:p>NCT01450189<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy1006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,22]],"date-time":"2018-11-22T15:12:20Z","timestamp":1542899540000},"page":"853-860","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 Transmission Among Persons With Acute HIV-1 Infection in Malawi: Demographic, Behavioral, and Phylogenetic Relationships"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Ann M","family":"Dennis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Myron 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K","family":"Pasquale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Phiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lighthouse Trust, University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe, Malawi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mina C","family":"Hosseinipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"},{"name":"University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe, Malawi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gift","family":"Kamanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe, Malawi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dominic","family":"Nsona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lighthouse Trust, University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe, Malawi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Massa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe, Malawi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irving F","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Audrey E","family":"Pettifor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William C","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Ohio State University, Columbus"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019081601551285000_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60842-8","article-title":"The role of acute and early HIV infection in the spread of HIV and implications for transmission prevention strategies in Lilongwe, Malawi: a modelling study","volume":"378","author":"Powers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2019081601551285000_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1011874","article-title":"Acute HIV-1 Infection","volume":"364","author":"Cohen","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J 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