{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T02:48:44Z","timestamp":1794019724434,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,6]],"date-time":"2018-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1544054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Immunotherapy using antibodies to immune checkpoint molecules or targeted chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells (CAR-T cells) represent dramatic advances in cancer treatment. These therapies mediate immune-related adverse events that may mimic or amplify infectious presentations. Checkpoint inhibitor therapy may be associated with diverse irAEs including mild skin, endocrine, and autoimmune manifestations or severe inflammatory processes including colitis, pneumonitis, myocarditis, and shock. CAR-T-cell therapies may induce toxicities including cytokine-release syndrome with fevers and multiorgan dysfunction, CAR-T-cell\u2013related encephalopathy syndrome with altered mental status and neurologic dysfunction, or hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis-macrophage-activation syndrome. Infectious risks may relate to prior cancer therapies or to treatments of inflammatory dysregulation, including corticosteroids and inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 and interleukin-6. Immune activation may unmask subclinical infections. Clinical approaches must attempt to identify infections in the face of immunotherapy-associated inflammatory processes. Empirical antimicrobial therapies should not be delayed based on the presumption of noninfectious syndromes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy1025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,30]],"date-time":"2018-11-30T15:10:19Z","timestamp":1543590619000},"page":"909-920","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Inflammatory and Infectious Syndromes Associated With Cancer Immunotherapies"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Jay A","family":"Fishman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplant Infectious Disease and Compromised Host Program and Transplant Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John I","family":"Hogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplant Infectious Disease and Compromised Host Program and Transplant Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcela V","family":"Maus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston"},{"name":"Cellular Immunotherapy, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199101000-00002","article-title":"The treatment of malignant tumors by repeated inoculations of erysipelas. With a report of ten original cases. 1893","volume":"262","author":"Coley","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5784","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.10.5784","article-title":"Lymphoproliferative disorder in CTLA-4 knockout mice is characterized by CD28-regulated activation of Th2 responses","volume":"162","author":"Khattri","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.174.3.561","article-title":"CTLA-4 is a second receptor for the B cell activation antigen B7","volume":"174","author":"Linsley","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3239","article-title":"The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy","volume":"12","author":"Pardoll","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.07.012","article-title":"Oncology meets immunology: the cancer-immunity cycle","volume":"39","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1202947","article-title":"Trans-endocytosis of CD80 and CD86: a molecular basis for the cell-extrinsic function of CTLA-4","volume":"332","author":"Qureshi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20082492","article-title":"Blockade of CTLA-4 on both effector and regulatory T cell compartments contributes to the antitumor activity of anti-CTLA-4 antibodies","volume":"206","author":"Peggs","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3108","article-title":"The emerging role of CTLA4 as a cell-extrinsic regulator of T cell responses","volume":"11","author":"Walker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-13-0013","article-title":"Anti-CTLA-4 antibodies of IgG2a isotype enhance antitumor activity through reduction of intratumoral regulatory T cells","volume":"1","author":"Selby","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1003466","article-title":"Improved survival with ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma","volume":"363","author":"Hodi","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2517","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1104621","article-title":"Ipilimumab plus dacarbazine for previously untreated metastatic melanoma","volume":"364","author":"Robert","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1712126","article-title":"Nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus sunitinib in advanced renal-cell carcinoma","volume":"378","author":"Motzer","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-12-195792","article-title":"Tumor antigen-specific CD8 T cells infiltrating the tumor express high levels of PD-1 and are functionally impaired","volume":"114","author":"Ahmadzadeh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2326","article-title":"Inhibitory B7-family molecules in the tumour microenvironment","volume":"8","author":"Zou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111ra120","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003130","article-title":"The PDL1-PD1 axis converts human TH1 cells into regulatory T cells","volume":"3","author":"Amarnath","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-003-0430-2","article-title":"B7-H1 pathway and its role in the evasion of tumor immunity","volume":"81","author":"Dong","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Mol Med (Berl)"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1038\/nm730","article-title":"Tumor-associated B7-H1 promotes T-cell apoptosis: a potential mechanism of immune evasion","volume":"8","author":"Dong","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3015","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20090847","article-title":"PD-L1 regulates the development, maintenance, and function of induced regulatory T cells","volume":"206","author":"Francisco","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1709937","article-title":"Durvalumab after chemoradiotherapy in stage III non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"377","author":"Antonia","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30227-9","article-title":"Avelumab, an anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody, shows activity in various tumour types","volume":"18","author":"Kotsakis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00561-4","article-title":"Atezolizumab in patients with locally advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma who have progressed following treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy: a single-arm, multicentre, phase 2 trial","volume":"387","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2015.03.001","article-title":"Immune checkpoint blockade: a common denominator approach to cancer therapy","volume":"27","author":"Topalian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(15)70054-9","article-title":"Activity and safety of nivolumab, an anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor, for patients with advanced, refractory squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (CheckMate 063): a phase 2, single-arm trial","volume":"16","author":"Rizvi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2015.11.016","article-title":"Immune-related adverse events with immune checkpoint blockade: a comprehensive review","volume":"54","author":"Michot","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4321","article-title":"Is autoimmunity the Achilles\u2019 heel of cancer immunotherapy?","volume":"23","author":"June","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0160221","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0160221","article-title":"Adverse events associated with immune checkpoint blockade in patients with cancer: a systematic review of case reports","volume":"11","author":"Abdel-Wahab","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1703481","article-title":"Immune-related adverse events associated with immune checkpoint blockade","volume":"378","author":"Postow","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3193","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.60.8448","article-title":"Immune-related adverse events, need for systemic immunosuppression, and effects on survival and time to treatment failure in patients with melanoma treated with ipilimumab at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center","volume":"33","author":"Horvat","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdv623","article-title":"Management of immune checkpoint blockade dysimmune toxicities: a collaborative position paper","volume":"27","author":"Champiat","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-017-1678-1","article-title":"New drugs, new toxicities: severe side effects of modern targeted and immunotherapy of cancer and their management","volume":"21","author":"Kroschinsky","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1504030","article-title":"Combined nivolumab and ipilimumab or monotherapy in untreated melanoma","volume":"373","author":"Larkin","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7412","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-09-1624","article-title":"Guidelines for the evaluation of immune therapy activity in solid tumors: immune-related response criteria","volume":"15","author":"Wolchok","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-018-0353-7","article-title":"Influenza vaccination of cancer patients during PD-1 blockade induces serological protection but may raise the risk for immune-related adverse events","volume":"6","author":"L\u00e4ubli","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iv119","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdx225","article-title":"Management of toxicities from immunotherapy: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up","volume":"28","author":"Haanen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2691","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.41.6750","article-title":"Management of immune-related adverse events and kinetics of response with ipilimumab","volume":"30","author":"Weber","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.14208","article-title":"Infection in organ transplantation","volume":"17","author":"Fishman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.12858","article-title":"Diverse types of dermatologic toxicities from immune checkpoint blockade therapy","volume":"44","author":"Curry","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-4075","article-title":"Endocrine side effects induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"98","author":"Corsello","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2017.06.002","article-title":"Endocrine-related adverse events associated with immune checkpoint blockade and expert insights on their management","volume":"58","author":"Sznol","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdw640","article-title":"Antibody-mediated thyroid dysfunction during T-cell checkpoint blockade in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"28","author":"Osorio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000829","article-title":"Histopathologic features of colitis due to immunotherapy with anti-PD-1 antibodies","volume":"41","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-018-0013-y","article-title":"Hepatotoxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors: a histology study of seven cases in comparison with autoimmune hepatitis and idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury","volume":"31","author":"Zen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2184","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-006-9474-9","article-title":"Primary infection with cytomegalovirus in ulcerative colitis","volume":"51","author":"Martin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjv227","article-title":"Cancer immunotherapy with anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies induces an inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"10","author":"Marthey","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S136818","article-title":"Clinical features, diagnostic challenges, and management strategies in checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis","volume":"9","author":"Chuzi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Manag Res"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.68.2005","article-title":"Pneumonitis in patients treated with anti-programmed death-1\/programmed death ligand 1 therapy","volume":"35","author":"Naidoo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2016.2453","article-title":"Incidence of programmed cell death 1 inhibitor-related pneumonitis in patients with advanced cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Nishino","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6051","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-16-1320","article-title":"PD-1 inhibitor-related pneumonitis in advanced cancer patients: radiographic patterns and clinical course","volume":"22","author":"Nishino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw539","article-title":"The spectrum of serious infections among patients receiving immune checkpoint blockade for the treatment of melanoma","volume":"63","author":"Del Castillo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00050-2017","article-title":"Immune-checkpoint inhibitors associated with interstitial lung disease in cancer patients","volume":"50","author":"Delaunay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2016.12.027","article-title":"Allergic broncho-pulmonary aspergillosis following treatment with an anti-programmed cell death protein 1 monoclonal antibody therapy","volume":"75","author":"Pradere","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0052","first-page":"247","article-title":"Management of immune-related adverse events in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline","volume":"14","author":"Brahmer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e529","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(16)30571-X","article-title":"Neurological sequelae of cancer immunotherapies and targeted therapies","volume":"17","author":"Wick","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdw558","article-title":"Neurotoxicity from immune-checkpoint inhibition in the treatment of melanoma: a single centre experience and review of the literature","volume":"28","author":"Spain","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1097\/CJI.0000000000000060","article-title":"Arthritis and tenosynovitis associated with the anti-PD1 antibody pembrolizumab in metastatic melanoma","volume":"38","author":"Chan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Immunother"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2017.07.027","article-title":"Prospective validation of a prognostic score for patients in immunotherapy phase I trials: the Gustave Roussy Immune Score (GRIm-Score)","volume":"84","author":"Bigot","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1706169","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor therapy","volume":"379","author":"June","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1709866","article-title":"Tisagenlecleucel in children and young adults with B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"378","author":"Maude","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-15-1433","article-title":"Making better chimeric antigen receptors for adoptive T-cell therapy","volume":"22","author":"Maus","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1709919","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of CD19 CAR therapy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"378","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2017.148","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy\u2013assessment and management of toxicities","volume":"15","author":"Neelapu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-13-0006","article-title":"T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors can cause anaphylaxis in humans","volume":"1","author":"Maus","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-05-552729","article-title":"Current concepts in the diagnosis and management of cytokine release syndrome","volume":"124","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-016-0299-5","article-title":"Predominant cerebral cytokine release syndrome in CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cell therapy","volume":"9","author":"Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3321","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-04-703751","article-title":"Toxicities of chimeric antigen receptor T cells: recognition and management","volume":"127","author":"Brudno","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1097\/PPO.0000000000000035","article-title":"Managing cytokine release syndrome associated with novel T cell-engaging therapies","volume":"20","author":"Maude","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer J"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-16-0040","article-title":"Identification of predictive biomarkers for cytokine release syndrome after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"6","author":"Teachey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-018-0365-3","article-title":"Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with immunotherapy: brief review and case report","volume":"6","author":"Sadaat","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdx113","article-title":"Pembrolizumab associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis","volume":"28","author":"Shah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2015.00021","article-title":"Advantages and applications of CAR-expressing natural killer cells","volume":"6","author":"Glienke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e124","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002053","article-title":"Cytokine release syndrome after chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"45","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61403-3","article-title":"T cells expressing CD19 chimeric antigen receptors for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children and young adults: a phase 1 dose-escalation trial","volume":"385","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2709","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-10-384388","article-title":"B-cell depletion and remissions of malignancy along with cytokine-associated toxicity in a clinical trial of anti-CD19 chimeric-antigen-receptor-transduced T cells","volume":"119","author":"Kochenderfer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1215134","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells for acute lymphoid leukemia","volume":"368","author":"Grupp","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61048-X","article-title":"Adult haemophagocytic syndrome","volume":"383","author":"Ramos-Casals","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kex238","article-title":"Risk factors of serious infections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with tocilizumab in the French Registry REGATE","volume":"56","author":"Morel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-07-793760","article-title":"Infectious complications of CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor-modified T-cell immunotherapy","volume":"131","author":"Hill","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy152","article-title":"Cytokine release syndrome grade is a predictive marker for infections in relapsed or refractory B-cell all patients treated with CAR T cells","volume":"67","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.10.020","article-title":"Phase 1 results of ZUMA-1: a multicenter study of KTE-C19 anti-CD19 CAR T cell therapy in refractory aggressive lymphoma","volume":"25","author":"Locke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2296","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V124.21.2296.2296","article-title":"Refractory cytokine release syndrome in recipients of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells","volume":"124","author":"Frey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-202470","article-title":"Blocking the effects of interleukin-6 in rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory rheumatic diseases: systematic literature review and meta-analysis informing a consensus statement","volume":"72","author":"Schoels","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.120687","article-title":"Long-term safety and efficacy of tocilizumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cumulative analysis of up to 4.6 years of exposure","volume":"40","author":"Genovese","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-202469","article-title":"Consensus statement on blocking the effects of interleukin-6 and in particular by interleukin-6 receptor inhibition in rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory conditions","volume":"72","author":"Smolen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ker223","article-title":"Risk of infections in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with tocilizumab","volume":"51","author":"Lang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.4137\/CMAMD.S7371","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of tocilizumab for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"5","author":"Ogata","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Med Insights Arthritis Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"2019091012003954800_CIT0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.100717","article-title":"Tocilizumab for rheumatoid arthritis: a Cochrane systematic review","volume":"38","author":"Singh","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"}],"container-title":["Clinical Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/cid\/ciy1025\/28683341\/ciy1025.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/69\/6\/909\/29250301\/ciy1025.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T07:47:06Z","timestamp":1775288826000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article\/69\/6\/909\/5231850"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,6]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciy1025","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.734569400.793562626","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-4838","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,15]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,6]]}}}