{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T17:08:53Z","timestamp":1788455333425,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,24]],"date-time":"2018-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30AI094189"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AI094189"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K99 HD089753"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K99 HD089753"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"International Training Grants in Epidemiology Related to AIDS","award":["D43-TW0000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D43-TW0000"]}]},{"name":"NIAID Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Medical College HIV Clinical Trials Unit","award":["U01 AI069497"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AI069497"]}]},{"name":"NIAID\u2019s Baltimore-Washington-India Clinical Trials Unit","award":["UM1 AI069465"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1 AI069465"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,14]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,23]],"date-time":"2018-03-23T20:43:52Z","timestamp":1521837832000},"page":"1103-1109","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction and Microbial Translocation in Human Immunodeficiency Virus\u2013Infected Pregnant Women Are Associated With Preterm Birth"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2773-9310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rupak","family":"Shivakoti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"},{"name":"Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Medical College, Johns Hopkins Clinical Research Site, Pune"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikhil","family":"Gupte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"},{"name":"Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Medical College, Johns Hopkins Clinical Research Site, Pune"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathella Pavan","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vandana","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Medical College, Johns Hopkins Clinical Research Site, Pune"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Usha","family":"Balasubramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Medical College, Johns Hopkins Clinical Research Site, Pune"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramesh","family":"Bhosale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Medical College, Johns Hopkins Clinical Research Site, Pune"},{"name":"Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College, Pune, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pradeep","family":"Sambrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Medical College, Johns Hopkins Clinical Research Site, Pune"},{"name":"Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College, Pune, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aarti","family":"Kinikar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Medical College, Johns Hopkins Clinical Research Site, Pune"},{"name":"Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College, Pune, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renu","family":"Bharadwaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Medical College, Johns Hopkins Clinical Research Site, Pune"},{"name":"Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College, Pune, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandesh","family":"Patil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Medical College, Johns Hopkins Clinical Research Site, Pune"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadaf","family":"Inamdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Medical College, Johns Hopkins Clinical Research Site, Pune"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nishi","family":"Suryavanshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"},{"name":"Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Medical College, Johns Hopkins Clinical Research Site, Pune"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subash","family":"Babu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert C","family":"Bollinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"},{"name":"Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Medical College, Johns Hopkins Clinical Research Site, Pune"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amita","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"},{"name":"Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Medical College, Johns Hopkins Clinical Research Site, Pune"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019041511492837800_CIT0001","first-page":"9966","article-title":"Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality in 2000\u201313, with projections to inform post-2015 priorities: an updated systematic analysis","volume":"385","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2019041511492837800_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32834db300","article-title":"Association of HIV infection with spontaneous and iatrogenic preterm delivery: effect of HAART","volume":"26","author":"Lopez","year":"2012","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2019041511492837800_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1998.tb10227.x","article-title":"The association between maternal HIV infection and perinatal outcome: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis","volume":"105","author":"Brocklehurst","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"2019041511492837800_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350901400302","article-title":"Pregnancy outcomes in women with HIV type-1 receiving a lopinavir\/ritonavir-containing regimen","volume":"14","author":"Azria","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"2019041511492837800_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis553","article-title":"Highly active antiretroviral therapy and adverse birth outcomes among HIV-infected women in Botswana","volume":"206","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019041511492837800_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1846","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/des090","article-title":"Maternal HIV infection associated with small-for-gestational age infants but not preterm births: evidence from rural South Africa","volume":"27","author":"Ndirangu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2019041511492837800_CIT0007","first-page":"227","article-title":"The effect of maternal HIV infection on maternal conditions and perinatal deaths in southwest Tshwane","volume":"2","author":"Pattinson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Facts Views Vis Obgyn"},{"key":"2019041511492837800_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-015-0684-z","article-title":"Association between maternal HIV infection and low birth weight and prematurity: a meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"15","author":"Xiao","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"2019041511492837800_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-14-56","article-title":"Maternal morbidity and preterm birth in 22 low- and middle-income countries: a secondary analysis of the WHO Global Survey dataset","volume":"14","author":"Vogel","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"2019041511492837800_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2012.0401","article-title":"Effect of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) during pregnancy on pregnancy outcomes: experiences from a PMTCT program in western India","volume":"27","author":"Darak","year":"2013","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDS"},{"key":"2019041511492837800_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261689","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/261689","article-title":"Risk factors for preterm birth among HIV-infected Tanzanian women: a prospective study","volume":"2014","author":"Zack","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Int"},{"key":"2019041511492837800_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-14-7","article-title":"Correlates and outcomes of preterm birth, low birth weight, and small for gestational age in HIV-exposed uninfected infants","volume":"14","author":"Slyker","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"2019041511492837800_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis728","article-title":"Combination antiretroviral use and preterm birth","volume":"207","author":"Watts","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019041511492837800_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2011.07.017","article-title":"Maternal inflammation, growth retardation, and preterm birth: insights into adult cardiovascular disease","volume":"89","author":"Rogers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"2019041511492837800_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.003","article-title":"The role of inflammation and infection in preterm birth","volume":"38","author":"Bastek","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"key":"2019041511492837800_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-956773","article-title":"The role of inflammation and infection in preterm birth","volume":"25","author":"Romero","year":"2007","journal-title":"Semin Reprod Med"},{"key":"2019041511492837800_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(02)00438-4","article-title":"Placental inflammation and perinatal outcome","volume":"108","author":"Mwanyumba","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"2019041511492837800_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181e6dbc0","article-title":"Inflammatory cytokines and spontaneous preterm birth in asymptomatic women: a systematic review","volume":"116","author":"Wei","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2019041511492837800_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32826fb6c7","article-title":"C-reactive protein independently predicts HIV-related outcomes among women and children in a resource-poor setting","volume":"21","author":"Drain","year":"2007","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2019041511492837800_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv479","article-title":"Soluble CD14: an independent biomarker for the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in a setting of preexposure and postexposure antiretroviral prophylaxis","volume":"213","author":"Shivakoti","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019041511492837800_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2013.15","article-title":"Mucosal immunity in human and simian immunodeficiency lentivirus infections","volume":"6","author":"Brenchley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"2019041511492837800_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2012.09.001","article-title":"Microbial translocation, immune activation, and HIV disease","volume":"21","author":"Klatt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"2019041511492837800_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61114-9","article-title":"Extended-dose nevirapine to 6 weeks of age for infants to prevent HIV transmission via breastfeeding in Ethiopia, India, and Uganda: an analysis of three randomised controlled trials","volume":"372","author":"Bedri","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2019041511492837800_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2011.579948","article-title":"Impact of maternal human immunodeficiency virus infection on pregnancy and birth outcomes in Pune, India","volume":"23","author":"Patil","year":"2011","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"2019041511492837800_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.15894","article-title":"Ultrasound-based gestational-age estimation in late pregnancy","volume":"48","author":"Papageorghiou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2019041511492837800_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66379-9","article-title":"Compared to what? Finding controls for case-control studies","volume":"365","author":"Grimes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2019041511492837800_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2010.00836.x","article-title":"The immune system in pregnancy: a unique complexity","volume":"63","author":"Mor","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"2019041511492837800_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix367","article-title":"Intestinal damage and inflammatory biomarkers in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-exposed and HIV-infected Zimbabwean infants","volume":"216","author":"Prendergast","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019041511492837800_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu238","article-title":"Gut epithelial barrier dysfunction and innate immune activation predict mortality in treated HIV infection","volume":"210","author":"Hunt","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019041511492837800_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv573","article-title":"Persistently elevated C-reactive protein level in the first year of antiretroviral therapy, despite virologic suppression, is associated with HIV disease progression in resource-constrained settings","volume":"213","author":"Shivakoti","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019041511492837800_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2016.09.018","article-title":"Multiplex assay reliability and long-term intra-individual variation of serologic inflammatory biomarkers","volume":"90","author":"McKay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"2019041511492837800_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S89317","article-title":"Prevention of preterm delivery: current challenges and future prospects","volume":"8","author":"van Zijl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Womens Health"},{"key":"2019041511492837800_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2007.00785.x","article-title":"Maternal age and parity-associated risks of preterm birth: differences by race\/ethnicity","volume":"21","author":"Schempf","year":"2007","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"key":"2019041511492837800_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1511691","article-title":"Benefits and risks of antiretroviral therapy for perinatal HIV prevention","volume":"375","author":"Fowler","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2019041511492837800_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12266","article-title":"The role of inflammation for a successful implantation","volume":"72","author":"Dekel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"2019041511492837800_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12289","article-title":"Understanding the complexity of the immune system during pregnancy","volume":"72","author":"Racicot","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"2019041511492837800_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114507883012","article-title":"Using plasma acute-phase protein concentrations to interpret nutritional biomarkers in apparently healthy HIV-1-seropositive Kenyan adults","volume":"100","author":"Thurnham","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"2019041511492837800_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv573","article-title":"Persistently elevated C-reactive protein level in the first year of antiretroviral therapy, despite virologic suppression, is associated with HIV disease progression in resource-constrained settings","volume":"213","author":"Shivakoti","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019041511492837800_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199902113400607","article-title":"Acute-phase proteins and other systemic responses to inflammation","volume":"340","author":"Gabay","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2019041511492837800_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00050-12","article-title":"Microbial translocation in the pathogenesis of HIV infection and AIDS","volume":"26","author":"Marchetti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2019041511492837800_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw264","article-title":"Soluble CD163 and clinical outcomes in treated HIV infection: insights into mechanisms","volume":"214","author":"Hunt","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019041511492837800_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv416","article-title":"Inflammatory markers related to microbial translocation among HIV-infected pregnant women: a risk factor of preterm delivery","volume":"213","author":"L\u00f3pez","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Clinical Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/67\/7\/1103\/28428490\/ciy253.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]],"date-time":"2022-08-16T21:49:47Z","timestamp":1660686587000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article\/67\/7\/1103\/4953365"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,24]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciy253","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-4838","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,24]]}}}