{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T03:58:22Z","timestamp":1793159902691,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,29]],"date-time":"2018-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["089276\/B\/09\/7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["089276\/B\/09\/7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NTD Modelling Consortium","award":["OPP1053230"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1053230"]}]},{"name":"Children\u2019s Investment Fund Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,24]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy741","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,25]],"date-time":"2018-08-25T07:09:14Z","timestamp":1535180954000},"page":"1588-1595","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Valuing the Unpaid Contribution of Community Health Volunteers to Mass Drug Administration Programs"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8428-3874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo C","family":"Turner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"},{"name":"Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaspreet","family":"Toor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, St Marys Campus, Imperial College London"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, St Marys Campus, Imperial College London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison A","family":"Bettis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, St Marys Campus, Imperial College London"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, St Marys Campus, Imperial College London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian D","family":"Hopkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Consultant, Gravesend, Kent, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shwe Sin","family":"Kyaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Obinna","family":"Onwujekwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Administration and Management, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus"},{"name":"Health Policy Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy E","family":"Thwaites","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"},{"name":"Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoel","family":"Lubell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford"},{"name":"Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Fitzpatrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019042415431771600_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A16","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2004.01210.x","article-title":"Economic evaluation of Mectizan distribution","volume":"9","author":"Waters","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"2019042415431771600_CIT0002","volume-title":"Revitalising health care delivery in sub-Saharan Africa: the potential of community-directed interventions to strengthen health system","author":"African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control"},{"key":"2019042415431771600_CIT0003","volume-title":"Community-directed interventions for major health problems in Africa: a multi-country study: final report. World Health Organization on behalf of the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, 2008","author":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"2019042415431771600_CIT0004","volume-title":"African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC): About us","author":"World Health Organisation"},{"key":"2019042415431771600_CIT0005","volume-title":"PCT databank","author":"World Health Organisation"},{"key":"2019042415431771600_CIT0006","volume-title":"Mass drug administration, mass screening and treatment and focal screening and treatment for malaria: WHO Evidence Review Group meeting report","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2005"},{"key":"2019042415431771600_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2141-5","article-title":"Evaluating the variation in the projected benefit of community-wide mass treatment for schistosomiasis: implications for future economic evaluations","volume":"10","author":"Turner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"2019042415431771600_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0003897","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003897","article-title":"Should the goal for the treatment of soil transmitted helminth (STH) infections be changed from morbidity control in children to community-wide transmission elimination","volume":"9","author":"Anderson","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2019042415431771600_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S93","DOI":"10.1179\/000349802125000673","article-title":"APOC\u2019s strategy of community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI) and its potential for providing additional health services to the poorest populations: African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control","volume":"96","author":"Homeida","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"2019042415431771600_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czv042","article-title":"Valuing the work of unpaid community health workers and exploring the incentives to volunteering in rural Africa","volume":"31","author":"Kasteng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Health Policy Plan"},{"key":"2019042415431771600_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12960-015-0070-y","article-title":"Costs and cost-effectiveness of community health workers: evidence from a literature review","volume":"13","author":"Vaughan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum Resour Health"},{"key":"2019042415431771600_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1177\/0272684X15592757","article-title":"The potential for community-directed interventions: reaching underserved populations in Africa","volume":"35","author":"Brieger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Q Community Health Educ"},{"key":"2019042415431771600_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s12960-017-0192-5","article-title":"A systematic review of economic evaluations of CHW interventions aimed at improving child health outcomes","volume":"15","author":"Nkonki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum Resour Health"},{"key":"2019042415431771600_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s12960-015-0070-y","article-title":"Costs and cost-effectiveness of community health workers: evidence from a literature review","volume":"13","author":"Vaughan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum Resour Health"},{"key":"2019042415431771600_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-4491-12-71","article-title":"Rwanda\u2019s evolving community health worker system: a qualitative assessment of client and provider perspectives","volume":"12","author":"Condo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum Resour Health"},{"key":"2019042415431771600_CIT0016","volume-title":"Agriculture value added per worker (constant 2010 US$)","author":"World Bank"},{"key":"2019042415431771600_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0003542","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003542","article-title":"Managing the fight against onchocerciasis in Africa: APOC experience","volume":"9","author":"Fobi","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2019042415431771600_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272223","DOI":"10.1080\/16549716.2017.1272223","article-title":"Who is a community health worker? A systematic review of definitions","volume":"10","author":"Olaniran","year":"2017","journal-title":"Glob Health Action"},{"key":"2019042415431771600_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2017-000391","article-title":"Affordability of comprehensive community health worker programmes in rural sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"2","author":"Taylor","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Global Health"},{"key":"2019042415431771600_CIT0020","volume-title":"External Monetary Incentive Policies for Community Volunteers: analysis report of a multi-country study","author":"APOC","year":"2008"},{"key":"2019042415431771600_CIT0021","volume-title":"WHO Guide to Cost-Effectiveness Analysis","author":"WHO-CHOICE","year":"2003"},{"key":"2019042415431771600_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0005037","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005037","article-title":"Benchmarking the cost per person of mass treatment for selected neglected tropical diseases: an approach based on literature review and meta-regression with web-based software application","volume":"10","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2019042415431771600_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0006065","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006065","article-title":"Review of the factors influencing the motivation of community drug distributors towards the control and elimination of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs)","volume":"11","author":"Krentel","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2019042415431771600_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1606-2","article-title":"A mixed methods approach to evaluating community drug distributor performance in the control of neglected tropical diseases","volume":"9","author":"Fleming","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"2019042415431771600_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2452","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002452","article-title":"The cost of annual versus biannual community-directed treatment of onchocerciasis with ivermectin: Ghana as a case study","volume":"7","author":"Turner","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2019042415431771600_CIT0026","volume-title":"Study of cost per treatment with ivermectin using the CDTI strategy: African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC)","author":"McFarland","year":"2005"},{"key":"2019042415431771600_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12397","article-title":"Onchocerciasis control in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC): challenges in a post-war environment","volume":"20","author":"Makenga Bof","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"2019042415431771600_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004056","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004056","article-title":"Financial and economic costs of the elimination and eradication of onchocerciasis (river blindness) in Africa","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2019042415431771600_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihv038","article-title":"Community-directed interventions are practical and effective in low-resource communities: experience of ivermectin treatment for onchocerciasis control in Cameroon and Uganda, 2004\u20132010","volume":"8","author":"Katabarwa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Health"},{"key":"2019042415431771600_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2009.10.012","article-title":"Traditional kinship system enhanced classic community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI) for onchocerciasis control in Uganda","volume":"104","author":"Katabarwa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2019042415431771600_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2009.02442.x","article-title":"Monitoring ivermectin distributors involved in integrated health care services through community-directed interventions--a comparison of Cameroon and Uganda experiences over a period of three years (2004\u20132006)","volume":"15","author":"Katabarwa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"2019042415431771600_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.09.008","article-title":"Unpaid work in health economic evaluations","volume":"144","author":"Krol","year":"2015","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"2019042415431771600_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.2165\/00019053-200826040-00001","article-title":"An overview of methods and applications to value informal care in economic evaluations of healthcare","volume":"26","author":"Koopmanschap","year":"2008","journal-title":"PharmacoEcon"},{"key":"2019042415431771600_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8292.2011.00437.x","article-title":"Measuring the economic value of volunteer work globally: concepts, estimates, and a roadmap to the future","volume":"82","author":"Salamon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics"},{"key":"2019042415431771600_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1050(199601)5:1<13::AID-HEC182>3.0.CO;2-J","article-title":"Indirect cost in economic evaluation: the opportunity cost of unpaid inputs","volume":"5","author":"Posnett","year":"1996","journal-title":"Health Econ"},{"key":"2019042415431771600_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/0899764099281001","article-title":"Assessing the value of volunteer activity","volume":"28","author":"Brown","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nonprofit Volunt Sect Q"},{"key":"2019042415431771600_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-12-4","article-title":"Measuring the value of older people\u2019s production: a diary study","volume":"12","author":"Sahlen","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"2019042415431771600_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.06.046","article-title":"Economic valuation of informal care: lessons from the application of the opportunity costs and proxy good methods","volume":"62","author":"van den Berg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"2019042415431771600_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1326","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001326","article-title":"Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminth control in Niger: cost effectiveness of school based and community distributed mass drug administration [corrected]","volume":"5","author":"Leslie","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2019042415431771600_CIT0040","volume-title":"GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)","author":"World Bank"},{"key":"2019042415431771600_CIT0041","volume-title":"World Economic Outlook Database October 2017","author":"International Monetary Fund"},{"key":"2019042415431771600_CIT0042","volume-title":"Official exchange rate (LCU per US$, period average)","author":"World Bank"},{"key":"2019042415431771600_CIT0043","volume-title":"Minimum wage","author":"International Labour Organization"},{"key":"2019042415431771600_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-2616-z","article-title":"Economic evaluations of lymphatic filariasis interventions: a systematic review and research needs","volume":"11","author":"Gedge","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"2019042415431771600_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1586\/14737167.4.1.1","article-title":"Leisure time in economic evaluation: theoretical and practical considerations","volume":"4","author":"Sendi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res"},{"key":"2019042415431771600_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.2165\/00019053-199711050-00001","article-title":"Avoiding double-counting in pharmacoeconomic studies","volume":"11","author":"Johannesson","year":"1997","journal-title":"PharmacoEcon"},{"key":"2019042415431771600_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1017\/S026646230001148X","article-title":"Patient and informal caregiver time in cost-effectiveness analysis: a response to the recommendations of the Washington Panel","volume":"14","author":"Brouwer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Technol Assess Health Care"},{"key":"2019042415431771600_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8510(01)00226-3","article-title":"Community-directed treatment with ivermectin in two Nigerian communities: an analysis of first year start-up processes, costs and consequences","volume":"62","author":"Onwujekwe","year":"2002","journal-title":"Health Policy"},{"key":"2019042415431771600_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihs010","article-title":"Neglected tropical diseases: comparison of the costs of integrated and vertical preventive chemotherapy treatment in Niger","volume":"5","author":"Leslie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int Health"},{"key":"2019042415431771600_CIT0050","first-page":"23","article-title":"Cost of mass drug administration for filariasis elimination in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines","volume":"43","author":"Amarillo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Med Philipp"},{"key":"2019042415431771600_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2032","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002032","article-title":"African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control 1995\u20132015: model-estimated health impact and cost","volume":"7","author":"Coffeng","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"}],"container-title":["Clinical Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/68\/9\/1588\/28520864\/ciy741.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,24]],"date-time":"2019-04-24T15:43:46Z","timestamp":1556120626000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article\/68\/9\/1588\/5086111"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,29]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,24]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciy741","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-4838","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,29]]}}}