{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T19:06:05Z","timestamp":1791313565679,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,26]],"date-time":"2018-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Health of South Africa","award":["084670"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["084670"]}]},{"name":"Department of Health of South Africa","award":["104803"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["104803"]}]},{"name":"Department of Health of South Africa","award":["203135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["203135"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FC00110218"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FC00110218"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"UK Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["FC00110218"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FC00110218"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007601","name":"European Union Horizon 2020 research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["643381)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["643381)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007601","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FC00110218"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FC00110218"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UI9 AI111276"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UI9 AI111276"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation of South Africa","award":["96841"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["96841"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The risk of individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 developing tuberculosis (TB) is high, while both prognostic and diagnostic tools remain insensitive. The potential for plasma biomarkers to predict which HIV-1\u2013infected individuals are likely to progress to active disease is unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirteen analytes were measured from QuantiFERON Gold in-tube (QFT) plasma samples in 421 HIV-1\u2013infected persons recruited within the screening and enrollment phases of a randomized, controlled trial of isoniazid preventive therapy. Blood for QFT was obtained pre-randomization. Individuals were classified into prevalent TB, incident TB, and control groups. Comparisons between groups, supervised learning methods, and weighted correlation network analyses were applied utilizing the unstimulated and background-corrected plasma analyte concentrations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Unstimulated samples showed higher analyte concentrations in the prevalent and incident TB groups compared to the control group. The largest differences were seen for C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-1\u03b1, transforming growth factor-\u03b1 (TGF-\u03b1). A predictive model analysis using unstimulated analytes discriminated best between the control and prevalent TB groups (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.9), reasonably well between the incident and prevalent TB groups (AUC &amp;gt; 0.8), and poorly between the control and incident TB groups. Unstimulated IL-2 and IFN-\u03b3 were ranked at or near the top for all comparisons, except the comparison between the control vs incident TB groups. Models using background-adjusted values performed poorly.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Single plasma biomarkers are unlikely to distinguish between disease states in HIV-1 co-infected individuals, and combinations of biomarkers are required. The ability to detect prevalent TB is potentially important, as no blood test hitherto has been suggested as having the utility to detect prevalent TB amongst HIV-1 co-infected persons.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy823","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,22]],"date-time":"2018-09-22T06:42:15Z","timestamp":1537598535000},"page":"295-305","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Plasma Biomarkers to Detect Prevalent or Predict Progressive Tuberculosis Associated With Human Immunodeficiency Virus\u20131"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Maia","family":"Lesosky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Family Medicine"},{"name":"Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Observatory, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Molebogeng X","family":"Rangaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Observatory, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa"},{"name":"Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cara","family":"Pienaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Family Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna K","family":"Coussens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Observatory, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rene","family":"Goliath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Observatory, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaheed","family":"Mathee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Site B Khayelitsha Community Health Centre, Western Cape Department of Health, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Mwansa-Kambafwile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Observatory, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3080-6606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gary","family":"Maartens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J","family":"Wilkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Observatory, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom"},{"name":"The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9796-2040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katalin Andrea","family":"Wilkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Observatory, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa"},{"name":"The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019121022392263000_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e221","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(15)00081-8","article-title":"ART and prevention of HIV-associated tuberculosis","volume":"2","author":"Lawn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"2019121022392263000_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e243","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(15)00063-6","article-title":"Does antiretroviral therapy reduce HIV-associated tuberculosis incidence to background rates? 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