{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T09:11:49Z","timestamp":1780477909895,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,23]],"date-time":"2018-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Noroviruses are the most common cause of epidemic and endemic acute gastroenteritis (AGE) worldwide. The burden of norovirus disease in low-income settings is poorly understood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We tested stool samples from children less than 5 years of age with diarrhea who were admitted in a rural hospital in Bangladesh from 2010\u20132012 and from matched, healthy controls from the same catchment area.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Norovirus was detected in 109 (18%) of 613 children with diarrhea and in 30 (15%) of 206 healthy controls. Most (n = 118; 85%) norovirus infections belonged to genogroup II (GII). Of these, GII.4 viruses were identified in 36 (33%) of the cases and in 6 (21%) of the controls. Other major genotypes included GII.3 (13%), GII.6 (11%), and GII.13 (11%) in the cases and GII.6 (17%) and GII.2 (14%) in the controls. The greatest risk of severe norovirus disease (Vesikari score \u226511) was associated with GII.4 infections. GII.4 viruses were the predominant genotype detected during the winter (55%) and rainy season (23%), while GII.3 (19%) and GII.13 (19%) viruses were the most prevalent genotypes during the summer. Vomiting was significantly associated with GII.4 infections, while longer durations of diarrhea were associated with GI.3 infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Future studies are needed to understand the high rates of virus shedding in children without AGE symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy915","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,21]],"date-time":"2018-10-21T11:08:36Z","timestamp":1540120116000},"page":"505-513","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Epidemiologic and Genotypic Distribution of Noroviruses Among Children With Acute Diarrhea and Healthy Controls in a Low-income Rural Setting"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Mohammad Enayet","family":"Hossain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"icddr,b (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research), Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajibur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"icddr,b (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research), Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sk Imran","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"icddr,b (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research), Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md Muzahidul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"icddr,b (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research), Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Ziaur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"icddr,b (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research), Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahnawaz","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"icddr,b (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research), Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abu Syed Golam","family":"Faruque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"icddr,b (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research), Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie","family":"Barclay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Vinj\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, 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