{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T06:29:16Z","timestamp":1790404156737,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,7]],"date-time":"2019-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The available evidence on whether neuraminidase inhibitors reduce mortality in patients with influenza is inconclusive and focuses solely on influenza A\/H1N1pdm09. We assessed whether early oseltamivir treatment (\u226448 hours from symptom onset) decreases mortality compared to late treatment in a large cohort of critically ill patients with influenza of all types.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study included all adults with laboratory-confirmed influenza hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs) in Greece over 8 seasons (2010\u20132011 to 2017\u20132018) and treated with oseltamivir. The association of early oseltamivir with mortality was assessed with log-binomial models and a competing risks analysis estimating cause-specific and subdistribution hazards for death and discharge. Effect estimates were stratified by influenza type and adjusted for multiple covariates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 1330 patients were studied, of whom 622 (46.8%) died in the ICU. Among patients with influenza A\/H3N2, early treatment was associated with significantly lower mortality (relative risk, 0.69 [95% credible interval {CrI}, .49\u2013.94]; subdistribution hazard ratio, 0.58 [95% CrI, .37\u2013.88]). This effect was purely due to an increased cause-specific hazard for discharge, whereas the cause-specific hazard for death was not increased. Among survivors, the median length of ICU stay was shorter with early treatment by 1.8 days (95% CrI, .5\u20133.5 days). No effect on mortality was observed for A\/H1N1 and influenza B patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Severely ill patients with suspected influenza should be promptly treated with oseltamivir, particularly when A\/H3N2 is circulating. The efficacy of oseltamivir should not be assumed to be equal against all types of influenza.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,30]],"date-time":"2019-01-30T16:07:06Z","timestamp":1548864426000},"page":"1896-1902","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Effect of Early Oseltamivir Treatment on Mortality in Critically Ill Patients With Different Types of Influenza: A Multiseason Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4146-4122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theodore","family":"Lytras","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hellenic Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisavet","family":"Mouratidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hellenic Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Athens, Greece"},{"name":"European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasia","family":"Andreopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hellenic Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanos","family":"Bonovas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University"},{"name":"Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sotirios","family":"Tsiodras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hellenic Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, 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