{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T10:17:26Z","timestamp":1789208246932,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,12]],"date-time":"2019-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23 1HD090993"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23 1HD090993"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CFAR P30 A1027767"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CFAR P30 A1027767"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 AI094189"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AI094189"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 DA036935"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 DA036935"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CNICS R24 A1067039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNICS R24 A1067039"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Rates of early syphilis in US women are steadily increasing, but predictors of infection in this group are not clearly defined.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This retrospective analysis focused on women enrolled in the US CFAR Network of Integrated Clinical Systems cohort between January 2005 and December 2016 with syphilis testing performed. The primary outcome of incident syphilis infection was defined serologically as a newly positive test with positive confirmatory testing after a negative test or a 2-dilution increase in rapid plasma regain titer. Infection rates were calculated for each woman-year in care with testing. Predictors of syphilis were sought among sociodemographics, clinical information, and self-reported behaviors. Multivariable logistic regression models were created; a subgroup analysis assessed predictors in women of reproductive age.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The annual rate of incident syphilis among 4416 women engaged in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care and tested during the 12-year study period was 760\/100 000 person-years. Independent predictors of infection were injection drug use as a risk factor for HIV acquisition (aOR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.3\u20133.9), hepatitis C infection (aOR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1\u20133.4), black race (aOR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.3\u20133.7 compared with white race), and more recent entry to care (since 2005 compared with 1994\u20132004). Predictors were similar in women aged 18\u201349.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Syphilis infection is common among US women in HIV care. Syphilis screening and prevention efforts should focus on women reporting drug use and with hepatitis C coinfection. Future studies should identify specific behaviors that mediate syphilis acquisition risk in women who use drugs.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz1108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,8]],"date-time":"2019-11-08T20:14:11Z","timestamp":1573244051000},"page":"2405-2413","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Intersecting Epidemics: Incident Syphilis and Drug Use in Women Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the United States (2005\u20132016)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3625-5174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jodie","family":"Dionne-Odom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew 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Washington,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J","family":"Mugavero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard D","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maile","family":"Karris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego , San Diego, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katerina","family":"Christopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco , San Francisco, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elvin","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco , San Francisco, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth H","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Fenway Health and Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanne","family":"Marrazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, 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