{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:17:16Z","timestamp":1787008636135,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,30]],"date-time":"2019-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["0887X1-4603"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0887X1-4603"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Reduced-dose pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) schedules are under consideration in countries where children are recommended to receive 3 doses. Whereas PCV-derived protection against vaccine-serotype colonization is responsible for herd effects of vaccination, dose-specific PCV effectiveness against colonization endpoints is not known. We aimed to assess the performance of differing PCV schedules against vaccine-serotype colonization in children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From 2009\u20132016, we monitored pneumococcal carriage in southern Israel, where children should receive PCV at ages 2 months, 4 months, and 12 months (2 primary [p] +1 booster [b] schedule). We analyzed nasopharyngeal swabs and vaccination histories from 5928 children aged 0\u201359 months without symptoms of diseases potentially attributable to pneumococci. Matching individuals on age, sex, ethnicity, visit timing, and recent antibiotic receipt, we measured schedule-specific 7-valent PCV (PCV7) and 13-valent PCV (PCV13) effectiveness against vaccine-serotype colonization in a modified case-control framework. We sampled from the distribution of all possible case-control match assignments for statistical analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Receiving 2 primary-series PCV13 doses conferred 53% (95% confidence interval [CI], 32\u201367%) protection against PCV13-serotype colonization at ages \u226412 months; 1 primary-series dose was not protective. A 2p+1b PCV13 series conferred 40% (95% CI, 4\u201367%) and 62% (95% CI, 33\u201383%) protection against PCV13-serotype colonization at ages 13\u201324 months and 25\u201359 months, respectively. Estimates suggested greater PCV13-conferred protection against PCV7-targeted serotypes than the 6 PCV13-only serotypes. As compared to children receiving 2p+1b PCV13 dosing, those receiving 1p+1b and 2p+0b schedules experienced 2.05-fold (95% CI, 1.12\u20135.00) and 3.33-fold (95% CI, 2.28\u20134.93) greater odds, respectively, of vaccine-serotype pneumococcal colonization at ages 13\u201324 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results demonstrate real-world effectiveness of 2p+1b PCV dosing against vaccine-serotype colonization. Reduced-dose schedules may confer lower protection against vaccine-serotype carriage during and beyond the first year of life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz1164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,28]],"date-time":"2019-11-28T15:10:55Z","timestamp":1574953855000},"page":"e289-e300","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Dose-specific Effectiveness of 7- and 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines Against Vaccine-serotype Streptococcus pneumoniae Colonization in Children"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Joseph A","family":"Lewnard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noga","family":"Givon-Lavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be\u2019er Sheva, Israel"},{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Soroka University Medical Center, Be\u2019er Sheva, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ron","family":"Dagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be\u2019er Sheva, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020110510414000300_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(04)00938-7","article-title":"Streptococcus pneumoniae colonisation: the key to pneumococcal disease","volume":"4","author":"Bogaert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020110510414000300_CIT0002","author":"View-hub"},{"key":"2020110510414000300_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S161","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000084","article-title":"Systematic 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