{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T04:54:36Z","timestamp":1782968076820,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,4]],"date-time":"2020-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Rigshospitalet Research Council"},{"name":"Lundbeck Foundation;"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increased risk of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has been reported in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH). Fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a marker of eosinophilic airway inflammation. We assessed FeNO levels in PLWH and matched uninfected controls and investigated whether human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status is independently associated with elevated FeNO.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>FeNO was quantified by NIOX Vero and pulmonary function was assessed by spirometry in 432 PLWH from the Copenhagen Comorbidity in HIV Infection Study and in 1618 age- and sex-matched uninfected controls from the Copenhagen General Population Study. Elevated FeNO was defined as \u226525 parts per billion. Associations between FeNO and HIV status were adjusted for known potential confounders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean age of PLWH was 50.7\u2005(standard deviation [SD], 11.1) years and 97.4% received combination antiretroviral therapy. PLWH had higher FeNO than uninfected controls (median, 17.0 [interquartile range {IQR}, 11.0\u201326.0] vs 13.0 [IQR, 9.0\u201319.0]; P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.001). Also, PLWH had a higher prevalence of elevated FeNO than uninfected controls (27.5% vs 12.3%; P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.001). This association remained after adjusting for age, sex, height, smoking status, use of airway medication, blood eosinophils, and immunoglobulin E (adjusted OR [aOR], 3.56 [95% CI, 2.51\u20135.04]; P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.001). Elevated FeNO was associated with self-reported asthma (aOR, 2.65 [95% CI, 1.66\u20134.24]; P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.001) but not with airflow limitation (aOR, 1.07 [95% CI, .71\u20131.62]; P\u2005=\u2005.745).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>HIV status was independently associated with elevated FeNO, suggesting increased eosinophilic airway inflammation. The potential impact on chronic lung disease pathogenesis needs further investigation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz1223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]],"date-time":"2019-12-31T12:09:20Z","timestamp":1577794160000},"page":"3214-3221","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Fraction of Exhaled Nitric Oxide Levels Are Elevated in People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Compared to Uninfected Controls, Suggesting Increased Eosinophilic Airway Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Rebekka F","family":"Thudium","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases 8632, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolai L P","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases 8632, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoaib","family":"Afzal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen General Population Study, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunus","family":"\u00c7olak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen General Population Study, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Gelpi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases 8632, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas D","family":"Knudsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases 8632, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ditte Marie","family":"Kirkegaard-Klitbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases 8632, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1lvaro H","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Gerstoft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases 8632, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B\u00f8rge G","family":"Nordestgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen General Population Study, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark"},{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f8rgen","family":"Vestbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Lundgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health and Infectious Diseases (CHIP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Section 2100, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Ronit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases 8632, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne D","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases 8632, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021012201542315900_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001712","article-title":"Pulmonary disease in HIV-infected adults in the era of antiretroviral 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